ed An Uncertain Future: Predicting the Economy After COVID-19 By www8.gsb.columbia.edu Published On :: Wed, 06 May 2020 00:00:00 -0400 Abby Joseph Cohen and Alexis Crow share insights on the economic impact of COVID-19 in a discussion moderated by Pierre Yared. Full Article
ed Setting Policy for What Comes After COVID-19: Dr. Faheem Ahmed ’20 By www8.gsb.columbia.edu Published On :: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 00:00:00 -0400 Like many of his classmates, Dr. Faheem Ahmed started the spring semester, primed to put the finishing touches on his MBA. But after COVID-19 began to spread, he relocated to his home in London to complete his degree remotely and work on the frontline of the crisis. Full Article
ed Alumni Food Entrepreneurs Team Up to Feed NYC Healthcare Workers By www8.gsb.columbia.edu Published On :: Wed, 29 Apr 2020 00:00:00 -0400 Fundraising efforts, along with a generous donation from Beyond Meat, founded by Ethan Brown ’08, helps restaurant P.S. Kitchen, owned by April Tam Smith ’10 and Graham Smith ’21, provide meals to healthcare workers. Full Article
ed Armed Conflict and Starvation: What Does the Law Say? By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 15:05:01 +0000 Research Event 12 October 2018 - 5:30pm to 7:00pm Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE Event participants Professor Dapo Akande, Co-Director, Oxford Institute for Ethics, Law and Armed Conflict Emanuela-Chiara Gillard, Associate Fellow, International Law Programme, Chatham HouseAhila Sornarajah, Senior Lawyer, International and EU LawChair: Elizabeth Wilmshurst, Distinguished Fellow, International Law Programme, Chatham House Millions of civilians suffer hunger and starvation in times of armed conflict. This panel discusses the legal prohibitions on the use of starvation as a method of war, and the obligations on the warring parties to allow access for humanitarian relief. Department/project International Law Programme Chanu Peiris Programme Manager, International Law +44 (0)20 7314 3686 Email Full Article
ed Protection of the Wounded and Medical Care-Givers in Armed Conflict: Is the Law Up to the Job? By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 27 Feb 2019 10:21:55 +0000 Research Event 16 May 2019 - 5:30pm to 7:00pm Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE Event participants Françoise Bouchet-Saulnier, Legal Director, Médecins Sans FrontièresEzequiel Heffes, Thematic Legal Adviser, Geneva CallRain Liivoja, Associate Professor, University of QueenslandMaciej Polkowski, Head, Health Care in Danger Initiative, International Committee of the Red CrossChair: Elizabeth Wilmshurst, Distinguished Fellow, International Law Programme, Chatham House This meeting, supported by the British Red Cross, is the first in a series of three to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the 1949 Geneva Conventions. The meeting will focus on the protection of the wounded and sick in armed conflict and will also include discussion of challenges to the protection of medical care and of health providers.Attacks on health care personnel and facilities have increased in recent years, as have the instances in which proceedings have been brought against those providing medical care to wounded fighters, including under counter-terrorism measures.The Geneva Conventions and their Protocols give protection to the wounded and sick and to healthcare providers, but is the law adequate? Is the law sufficiently widely known? How can the law be more fully implemented? What particular challenges arise in non-international armed conflicts?This event will be followed by a drinks reception. Department/project International Law Programme, The Limits on War and Preserving the Peace Full Article
ed 'Our Shared Humanity': The Legacy of Kofi Annan By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 06 Mar 2019 13:50:01 +0000 Research Event 3 June 2019 - 10:00am to 4 June 2019 - 5:30pm Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE Agenda - Our Shared Humanitypdf | 165.77 KB Event participants This event is now full and registration has closed.Participants includeZeinab Badawi, Presenter, BBC Global Questions and HardTalkLakhdar Brahimi, The Elders; Chair, Panel on United Nations Peace Operations (2000)Alan Doss, President, Kofi Annan Foundation Raila Odinga, High Representative for Infrastructure Development, African Union; Prime Minister of Kenya (2008-13)Patrick Gaspard, President, Open Society FoundationsMichèle Griffin, Senior Policy Advisor to the UN Secretary-GeneralIan Martin, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in East Timor (1999), Nepal (2007-09) and Libya (2011-12)Strive Masiyiwa, Chair of the Board, AGRA; CEO, Econet WirelessAmina Mohammed, Deputy Secretary-General, United NationsKumi Naidoo, Secretary-General, Amnesty InternationalDanny Sriskandarajah, Chief Executive, OxfamMark Suzman, Chief Strategy Officer and President of Global Policy and Advocacy, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation In a decade as UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan championed a vision of global governance anchored in shared responsibility and the rights and dignity of the individual.Confronted with multiple global crises that raised questions about the UN’s purpose, Annan pressed for human rights and development to be at the centre of international efforts and sought to broaden participation in shaping and delivering solutions to global challenges.As the UN’s 75th anniversary approaches, this conference will explore Annan’s legacy for the future of global governance.Questions include the appropriate response to high-profile and ongoing failures to prevent human rights atrocities and protect victims of conflict, the impact of technology on democracy, lessons from the Millennium Development Goals for the Sustainable Development Goals and ways to meaningfully involve civil society, businesses and individuals in addressing global challenges.The conference will bring together key figures involved in Annan’s initiatives with actors currently engaged in conflict prevention, humanitarian action, human rights and development to identify lessons and generate forward-looking recommendations.This conference is being held as part of a series, including a public event hosted by UNA-UK at Central Hall in Westminster, exploring Kofi Annan's legacy.This initiative is generously supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Open Society Foundations and enjoys the cooperation of the Kofi Annan Foundation. Department/project International Law Programme, Global Governance and the Rule of Law, Rights, Accountability and Justice Chanu Peiris Programme Manager, International Law +44 (0)20 7314 3686 Email Full Article
ed The Protection of Children in Armed Conflict By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 25 Jun 2019 18:10:01 +0000 Research Event 25 September 2019 - 5:30pm to 7:00pm Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE Event participants Emanuela-Chiara Gillard, Associate Fellow, International Law Programme, Chatham HouseJoanne Neenan, Legal Adviser, UK Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeDarren Stewart, Head of Operational Law, UK Army HeadquartersChair: Elizabeth Wilmshurst, Distinguished Fellow, International Law Programme, Chatham House With more protracted and urbanized conflicts, the character of warfare is changing in a manner that is having a greater impact on children. Aside from physical harm, they face the trauma of family separation and displacement, are vulnerable to sexual abuse and recruitment as soldiers and suffer severe disruption to their education. This event will discuss how international humanitarian law applies to the protection of children. Are offences against children in armed conflict being prosecuted adequately? Are there better ways of ensuring compliance with the law?This meeting is the second in a series of three commemorating the 70th anniversary of the 1949 Geneva Conventions.This event, which is supported by the British Red Cross, will be followed by a drinks reception.THIS EVENT IS NOW FULL AND REGISTRATION HAS CLOSED. Department/project International Law Programme, The Limits on War and Preserving the Peace Chanu Peiris Programme Manager, International Law +44 (0)20 7314 3686 Email Full Article
ed ‘Our Shared Humanity’ – The Legacy of Kofi Annan By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 23 Oct 2019 10:12:11 +0000 23 October 2019 The ‘Our Shared Humanity’ conference explored Kofi Annan’s legacy for the future of global governance in the run-up to the UN’s 75th anniversary. This paper summarizes key points raised during the conference, and presents the substantive recommendations that emerged from the discussion. Read online Download PDF 2019-10-23-OurSharedHumanity.jpg Kofi Annan meets with high-school students in Kabul, Afghanistan, in January 2002. Photo: Getty Images. About the ConferenceIn the run-up to the UN’s 75th anniversary and almost a year after his death, Chatham House and the United Nations Association – UK (UNA-UK) held a two-day conference to explore Kofi Annan’s legacy in the context of the current period of global uncertainty.The ‘Our Shared Humanity’ conference brought together a global and diverse group of individualsworking on peace and security, human rights and development issues to:Reflect critically on Annan’s record, and capture lessons learned from his tenure as UN secretary-general, and his later work as a mediator and elder statesperson; andGenerate recommendations for current policymakers and influencers. This paper summarizes key points raised during each session of the conference, and presents the substantive recommendations that emerged from the discussion.In order to bring the conference themes to a wider audience, UNA-UK held a public event on the eve of the first day of the conference at Central Hall Westminster – where the UN had held its first ever meetings in 1946 – with speakers including Nane Annan, Sherrie Westin (president of global impact and philanthropy, Sesame Workshop), Amina Mohammed (current UN deputy secretary-general) and Mary Robinson (chair of The Elders and former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights). Department/project International Law Programme, Global Governance and the Rule of Law, Rights, Accountability and Justice Full Article
ed Power Politics Could Impede Progress on Responsible Regulation of Cyberspace By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 03 Dec 2019 14:34:13 +0000 3 December 2019 Harriet Moynihan Senior Research Fellow, International Law Programme @HarrietMoyniha9 A new Chatham House paper examines the prospects of countries reaching agreement on issues of sovereignty and non-intervention in cyberspace in the face of persistent, low-level, state-to-state cyber attacks. 2019-11-29-Intl-Law-Cyberattacks.jpg A computer hacked by a virus known as Petya. The Petya ransomware cyberattack hit computers of Russian and Ukrainian companies on 27 June 2017. Photo: Getty Images. In discussions to date about how international law applies in cyberspace, commentators have tended to focus their attention on how the rules on the use of force, or the law of armed conflict, apply to cyber activities conducted by states that give rise to physical damage, injury or death.But in practice, the vast majority of state cyberattacks fall below this threshold. Far more common are persistent, low-level attacks that may leave no physical trace but that are capable of doing significant damage to a state’s ability to control its systems, often at serious economic cost.Such cyber incursions might include network disruptions in the operation of another government’s websites; tampering with electoral infrastructure to change or undermine the result; or using cyber means to destabilize another state’s financial sector.For these kinds of cyber operation, the principle of sovereignty, and the principle of non-intervention in another state’s internal affairs, are the starting point.A UN Group of Government Experts (GGE) agreed in 2013 and 2015 that the principles in the UN Charter, including sovereignty and the prohibition on intervention in another state’s affairs, apply to states’ activities in cyberspace. The 2015 GGE also recommended eleven (non-binding) norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace.However, states have not yet reached agreement on how to apply these principles. Until recently, there has also been very little knowledge of what states actually do in cyberspace, as they usually conduct cyber operations covertly and have been reluctant to put their views on record.A new Chatham House research paper analyses the application of the principles of sovereignty and non-intervention to state cyberattacks that fall below the principle of use of force. As well as analysing the application of the law in this area, the paper also makes recommendations to governments on how they might best make progress in reaching agreement in this area.Existing rules or new rules?As the research paper makes clear, there is currently some debate, principally between countries in the West, about the extent to which sovereignty is a legally binding rule in the context of cyberspace and, if so, how it and the principle of non-intervention might apply in practice.In the last few years, certain states have put on record how they consider international law to apply to states’ activities in cyberspace, namely the UK, Australia, France and the Netherlands. While there may be some differences in their approaches, which are discussed in the paper, there also remains important common ground: namely, that existing international law already provides a solid framework for regulating states’ cyber activities, as it regulates every other domain of state-to-state activity.There is also an emerging trend for states to work together when attributing cyberattacks to hostile states, enabling them to call out malign cyber activity when it violates international law. (See, for example, the joint statements made in relation to the NotPetya cyber attack and malicious cyber activity attributed to the Russian government).However, other countries have questioned whether existing international law as it stands is capable of regulating states’ cyber interactions and have called for ‘new legal instruments’ in this area.This includes a proposal by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (led by Russia and China) for an International Code of Conduct on Information Security, a draft of which was submitted to the UN in 2011 and 2015, without success. The UN has also formed a new Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) under a resolution proposed by Russia to consider how international law applies to states’ activities in cyberspace.The resolution establishing the OEWG, which began work earlier this year, includes the possibility of the group ‘introducing changes to the rules, norms and principles of responsible behaviour of States’ agreed in the 2013 and 2015 GGE reports. In the OEWG discussions at the UN in September, several countries claimed that a new legal instrument was needed to fill the ‘legal vacuum’ (Cuba) or ‘the gap of ungoverned areas’ (Indonesia).It would be concerning if the hard-won consensus on the application of international law to cyberspace that has been reached at past GGEs started to unravel. In contrast to 2013 and 2015, the 2017 meeting failed to reach an agreement.On 9 December, a renewed GGE will meet in New York, but the existence of the OEWG exploring the same issues in a separate process reflects the fact that cyber norms have become an area of geopolitical rivalry.Aside from the application of international law, states are also adopting divergent approaches to the domestic regulation of cyberspace within their own territory. The emerging trend towards a ‘splinternet’ – i.e. between states that believe the internet should be global and open on the hand, and those that favour a ‘sovereignty and control’ model on the other – is also likely to make discussions at the GGE more challenging.Distinct from the international law concept of sovereignty is the notion of ‘cybersovereignty’, a term coined by China to describe the wide-ranging powers it assumes under domestic law to regulate its citizens’ access to the internet and personal data within its territory. This approach is catching on (as reflected in Russia’s recently enacted ‘Sovereign Internet Law’), with other authoritarian states likely to follow suit.The importance of non-state actorsIn parallel with regional and UN discussions on how international law applies, a number of initiatives by non-state actors have also sought to establish voluntary principles about responsible state behaviour in cyberspace.The Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace, a multi-stakeholder body that has proposed principles, norms and recommendations to guide responsible behaviour by all parties in cyberspace, recently published its final report. The Cybersecurity Tech Accord aims to promote collaboration between tech companies on stability and resilience in cyberspace. President Macron’s ‘Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace’ has to date received the backing of 67 states, 139 international and civil society organizations, and 358 private-sector organizations.It remains to be seen in the long term whether the parallel processes at the UN will work constructively together or be competitive. But notwithstanding the challenging geopolitical backdrop, the UN GGE meeting next week at the least offers states the opportunity to consolidate and build on the results of past meetings; to increase knowledge and discussion about how international law might apply; and to encourage more states to put their own views of these issues on the record. Full Article
ed POSTPONED: Supporting Civic Space: The Role and Impact of the Private Sector By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 22 Jan 2020 17:05:01 +0000 Invitation Only Research Event 16 March 2020 - 11:00am to 5:00pm Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE A healthy civic space is vital for an enabling business environment. In recognition of this, a growing number of private sector actors are challenging, publicly or otherwise, the deteriorating environment for civic freedoms.However, this corporate activism is often limited and largely ad hoc. It remains confined to a small cluster of multinationals leaving potential routes for effective coordination and collaboration with other actors underexplored.This roundtable will bring together a diverse and international group of business actors, civil society actors and foreign policy experts to exchange perspectives and experiences on how the private sector can be involved in issues around civic space. The meeting will provide an opportunity to explore the drivers of – and barriers to – corporate activism, develop a better understanding of existing initiatives, identify good practice and discuss practical strategies for the business community.This meeting will be the first of a series of roundtables at Chatham House in support of initiatives to build broad alliances for the protection of civic space. Attendance at this event is by invitation only. PLEASE NOTE THIS EVENT IS POSTPONED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE. Department/project International Law Programme, Global Governance and the Rule of Law, Rights, Accountability and Justice Jacqueline Rowe Programme Assistant, International Law Programme 020 7389 3287 Email Full Article
ed Bulletin updated at 19:45 HKT - 03/05/2020 By www.weather.gov.hk Published On :: Sun, 03 May 2020 11:45:05 GMT There is no warning in force. Full Article W
ed 12-LOX catalyzes the oxidation of 2-arachidonoyl-lysolipids in platelets generating eicosanoid-lysolipids that are attenuated by iPLA2{gamma} knockout [Signal Transduction] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-17T00:06:05-07:00 The canonical pathway of eicosanoid production in most mammalian cells is initiated by phospholipase A2-mediated release of arachidonic acid, followed by its enzymatic oxidation resulting in a vast array of eicosanoid products. However, recent work has demonstrated that the major phospholipase in mitochondria, iPLA2γ (patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 8 (PNPLA8)), possesses sn-1 specificity, with polyunsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position generating polyunsaturated sn-2-acyl lysophospholipids. Through strategic chemical derivatization, chiral chromatographic separation, and multistage tandem MS, here we first demonstrate that human platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) can directly catalyze the regioselective and stereospecific oxidation of 2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (2-AA-LPC) and 2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine (2-AA-LPE). Next, we identified these two eicosanoid-lysophospholipids in murine myocardium and in isolated platelets. Moreover, we observed robust increases in 2-AA-LPC, 2-AA-LPE, and their downstream 12-LOX oxidation products, 12(S)-HETE-LPC and 12(S)-HETE-LPE, in calcium ionophore (A23187)-stimulated murine platelets. Mechanistically, genetic ablation of iPLA2γ markedly decreased the calcium-stimulated production of 2-AA-LPC, 2-AA-LPE, and 12-HETE-lysophospholipids in mouse platelets. Importantly, a potent and selective 12-LOX inhibitor, ML355, significantly inhibited the production of 12-HETE-LPC and 12-HETE-LPE in activated platelets. Furthermore, we found that aging is accompanied by significant changes in 12-HETE-LPC in murine serum that were also markedly attenuated by iPLA2γ genetic ablation. Collectively, these results identify previously unknown iPLA2γ-initiated signaling pathways mediated by direct 12-LOX oxidation of 2-AA-LPC and 2-AA-LPE. This oxidation generates previously unrecognized eicosanoid-lysophospholipids that may serve as biomarkers for age-related diseases and could potentially be used as targets in therapeutic interventions. Full Article
ed Glucocerebrosidases catalyze a transgalactosylation reaction that yields a newly-identified brain sterol metabolite, galactosylated cholesterol [Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-17T00:06:05-07:00 β-Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to generate ceramide. Previously, we demonstrated that lysosomal GBA1 and nonlysosomal GBA2 possess not only GlcCer hydrolase activity, but also transglucosylation activity to transfer the glucose residue from GlcCer to cholesterol to form β-cholesterylglucoside (β-GlcChol) in vitro. β-GlcChol is a member of sterylglycosides present in diverse species. How GBA1 and GBA2 mediate β-GlcChol metabolism in the brain is unknown. Here, we purified and characterized sterylglycosides from rodent and fish brains. Although glucose is thought to be the sole carbohydrate component of sterylglycosides in vertebrates, structural analysis of rat brain sterylglycosides revealed the presence of galactosylated cholesterol (β-GalChol), in addition to β-GlcChol. Analyses of brain tissues from GBA2-deficient mice and GBA1- and/or GBA2-deficient Japanese rice fish (Oryzias latipes) revealed that GBA1 and GBA2 are responsible for β-GlcChol degradation and formation, respectively, and that both GBA1 and GBA2 are responsible for β-GalChol formation. Liquid chromatography–tandem MS revealed that β-GlcChol and β-GalChol are present throughout development from embryo to adult in the mouse brain. We found that β-GalChol expression depends on galactosylceramide (GalCer), and developmental onset of β-GalChol biosynthesis appeared to be during myelination. We also found that β-GlcChol and β-GalChol are secreted from neurons and glial cells in association with exosomes. In vitro enzyme assays confirmed that GBA1 and GBA2 have transgalactosylation activity to transfer the galactose residue from GalCer to cholesterol to form β-GalChol. This is the first report of the existence of β-GalChol in vertebrates and how β-GlcChol and β-GalChol are formed in the brain. Full Article
ed Deletion of fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2) in the mouse liver changes the metabolic landscape by increasing the expression of PPAR{alpha}-regulated genes [Lipids] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-24T06:08:45-07:00 Fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2) is highly expressed in the liver, small intestine, and kidney, where it functions in both the transport of exogenous long-chain fatty acids and the activation of very-long-chain fatty acids. Here, using a murine model, we investigated the phenotypic impacts of deleting FATP2, followed by a transcriptomic analysis using unbiased RNA-Seq to identify concomitant changes in the liver transcriptome. WT and FATP2-null (Fatp2−/−) mice (5 weeks) were maintained on a standard chow diet for 6 weeks. The Fatp2−/− mice had reduced weight gain, lowered serum triglyceride, and increased serum cholesterol levels and attenuated dietary fatty acid absorption. Transcriptomic analysis of the liver revealed 258 differentially expressed genes in male Fatp2−/− mice and a total of 91 in female Fatp2−/− mice. These genes mapped to the following gene ontology categories: fatty acid degradation, peroxisome biogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and retinol and arachidonic acid metabolism. Targeted RT-quantitative PCR verified the altered expression of selected genes. Of note, most of the genes with increased expression were known to be regulated by peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα), suggesting that FATP2 activity is linked to a PPARα-specific proximal ligand. Targeted metabolomic experiments in the Fatp2−/− liver revealed increases of total C16:0, C16:1, and C18:1 fatty acids; increases in lipoxin A4 and prostaglandin J2; and a decrease in 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. We conclude that the expression of FATP2 in the liver broadly affects the metabolic landscape through PPARα, indicating that FATP2 provides an important role in liver lipid metabolism through its transport or activation activities. Full Article
ed MtrP, a putative methyltransferase in Corynebacteria, is required for optimal membrane transport of trehalose mycolates [Lipids] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:06:09-07:00 Pathogenic bacteria of the genera Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium cause severe human diseases such as tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae). The cells of these species are surrounded by protective cell walls rich in long-chain mycolic acids. These fatty acids are conjugated to the disaccharide trehalose on the cytoplasmic side of the bacterial cell membrane. They are then transported across the membrane to the periplasm where they act as donors for other reactions. We have previously shown that transient acetylation of the glycolipid trehalose monohydroxycorynomycolate (hTMCM) enables its efficient transport to the periplasm in Corynebacterium glutamicum and that acetylation is mediated by the membrane protein TmaT. Here, we show that a putative methyltransferase, encoded at the same genetic locus as TmaT, is also required for optimal hTMCM transport. Deletion of the C. glutamicum gene NCgl2764 (Rv0224c in M. tuberculosis) abolished acetyltrehalose monocorynomycolate (AcTMCM) synthesis, leading to accumulation of hTMCM in the inner membrane and delaying its conversion to trehalose dihydroxycorynomycolate (h2TDCM). Complementation with NCgl2764 normalized turnover of hTMCM to h2TDCM. In contrast, complementation with NCgl2764 derivatives mutated at residues essential for methyltransferase activity failed to rectify the defect, suggesting that NCgl2764/Rv0224c encodes a methyltransferase, designated here as MtrP. Comprehensive analyses of the individual mtrP and tmaT mutants and of a double mutant revealed strikingly similar changes across several lipid classes compared with WT bacteria. These findings indicate that both MtrP and TmaT have nonredundant roles in regulating AcTMCM synthesis, revealing additional complexity in the regulation of trehalose mycolate transport in the Corynebacterineae. Full Article
ed COQ11 deletion mitigates respiratory deficiency caused by mutations in the gene encoding the coenzyme Q chaperone protein Coq10 [Lipids] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:06:09-07:00 Coenzyme Q (Qn) is a vital lipid component of the electron transport chain that functions in cellular energy metabolism and as a membrane antioxidant. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, coq1–coq9 deletion mutants are respiratory-incompetent, sensitive to lipid peroxidation stress, and unable to synthesize Q6. The yeast coq10 deletion mutant is also respiratory-deficient and sensitive to lipid peroxidation, yet it continues to produce Q6 at an impaired rate. Thus, Coq10 is required for the function of Q6 in respiration and as an antioxidant and is believed to chaperone Q6 from its site of synthesis to the respiratory complexes. In several fungi, Coq10 is encoded as a fusion polypeptide with Coq11, a recently identified protein of unknown function required for efficient Q6 biosynthesis. Because “fused” proteins are often involved in similar biochemical pathways, here we examined the putative functional relationship between Coq10 and Coq11 in yeast. We used plate growth and Seahorse assays and LC-MS/MS analysis to show that COQ11 deletion rescues respiratory deficiency, sensitivity to lipid peroxidation, and decreased Q6 biosynthesis of the coq10Δ mutant. Additionally, immunoblotting indicated that yeast coq11Δ mutants accumulate increased amounts of certain Coq polypeptides and display a stabilized CoQ synthome. These effects suggest that Coq11 modulates Q6 biosynthesis and that its absence increases mitochondrial Q6 content in the coq10Δcoq11Δ double mutant. This augmented mitochondrial Q6 content counteracts the respiratory deficiency and lipid peroxidation sensitivity phenotypes of the coq10Δ mutant. This study further clarifies the intricate connection between Q6 biosynthesis, trafficking, and function in mitochondrial metabolism. Full Article
ed Certain ortho-hydroxylated brominated ethers are promiscuous kinase inhibitors that impair neuronal signaling and neurodevelopmental processes [Cell Biology] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:06:09-07:00 The developing nervous system is remarkably sensitive to environmental signals, including disruptive toxins, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). PBDEs are an environmentally pervasive class of brominated flame retardants whose neurodevelopmental toxicity mechanisms remain largely unclear. Using dissociated cortical neurons from embryonic Rattus norvegicus, we found here that chronic exposure to 6-OH–BDE-47, one of the most prevalent hydroxylated PBDE metabolites, suppresses both spontaneous and evoked neuronal electrical activity. On the basis of our previous work on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) (MEK) biology and our observation that 6-OH–BDE-47 is structurally similar to kinase inhibitors, we hypothesized that certain hydroxylated PBDEs mediate neurotoxicity, at least in part, by impairing the MEK–ERK axis of MAPK signal transduction. We tested this hypothesis on three experimental platforms: 1) in silico, where modeling ligand–protein docking suggested that 6-OH–BDE-47 is a promiscuous ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor; 2) in vitro in dissociated neurons, where 6-OH–BDE-47 and another specific hydroxylated BDE metabolite similarly impaired phosphorylation of MEK/ERK1/2 and activity-induced transcription of a neuronal immediate early gene; and 3) in vivo in Drosophila melanogaster, where developmental exposures to 6-OH–BDE-47 and a MAPK inhibitor resulted in offspring displaying similarly increased frequency of mushroom-body β–lobe midline crossing, a metric of axonal guidance. Taken together, our results support that certain ortho-hydroxylated PBDE metabolites are promiscuous kinase inhibitors and can cause disruptions of critical neurodevelopmental processes, including neuronal electrical activity, pre-synaptic functions, MEK–ERK signaling, and axonal guidance. Full Article
ed Bulletin updated at 00:00 HKT 10/May/2020 By www.weather.gov.hk Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 16:00:00 GMT General Situation:A trough of low pressure will edge towards the coast of Guangdong today and linger over the region in the following couple of days. There will be thundery showers over Guangdong. With the anticyclone aloft strengthening in the middle and latter parts of this week, the weather over southern China will improve and it will be hot. Date/Month: 10/05 (Sunday) Wind: South force 3. Weather: Sunny intervals and a few showers. Isolated thunderstorms later. Temp range: 28 - 32 C R.H. range: 65 - 95 per Cent Date/Month: 11/05 (Monday) Wind: South force 2 to 3. Weather: Mainly cloudy with occasional showers and a few squally thunderstorms. Temp range: 26 - 30 C R.H. range: 70 - 95 per Cent Date/Month: 12/05 (Tuesday) Wind: Light winds force 2. Weather: Mainly cloudy with a few showers and thunderstorms. Temp range: 25 - 29 C R.H. range: 70 - 95 per Cent Date/Month: 13/05 (Wednesday) Wind: Southeast force 3. Weather: Sunny intervals and one or two showers. Temp range: 26 - 30 C R.H. range: 65 - 90 per Cent Date/Month: 14/05 (Thursday) Wind: Southeast force 3. Weather: Sunny periods. Temp range: 26 - 31 C R.H. range: 60 - 85 per Cent Date/Month: 15/05 (Friday) Wind: South to southeast force 3. Weather: Sunny periods. Temp range: 27 - 32 C R.H. range: 60 - 85 per Cent Date/Month: 16/05 (Saturday) Wind: South force 3. Weather: Sunny periods. Temp range: 27 - 32 C R.H. range: 60 - 85 per Cent Date/Month: 17/05 (Sunday) Wind: South force 3 to 4. Weather: Sunny periods. Temp range: 28 - 32 C R.H. range: 70 - 90 per Cent Date/Month: 18/05 (Monday) Wind: South force 3 to 4. Weather: Sunny periods and isolated showers. Temp range: 28 - 32 C R.H. range: 70 - 90 per Cent Sea surface temperature at 2 P.M. 09/05/2020 at North Point was 25 degrees C.Soil temperatures at 7 A.M. 09/05/2020 at Hong Kong Observatory :0.5 M below surface was 27.6 degrees C 1.0 M below surface was 26.4 degrees C Full Article F
ed Bulletin updated at 00:45 HKT 10/05/2020 By www.weather.gov.hk Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 16:45:00 GMT An anticyclone aloft brought hot weather to southern China yesterday. Locally, it was hot with sunny periods and isolated showers. A trough of low pressure will edge towards the coast of Guangdong today and linger over the region in the following couple of days. There will be thundery showers over Guangdong. Weather forecast for Hong Kong:Mainly cloudy with a few showers. Sunny intervals during the day. There will be isolated thunderstorms later. Hot with temperatures ranging between 28 and 32 degrees. Moderate southerly winds. Outlook: There will be showers and thunderstorms on Monday and Tuesday. The weather will improve gradually in the following couple of days. Full Article F
ed WYSIWYG Web Builder 7.0 released! By www.wysiwygwebbuilder.com Published On :: Wed, 23 Jun 2010 10:40:59 GMT We are pleased to announce a major new release with more than 150 new features and improvements! Full Article
ed WYSIWYG Web Builder 8.0 released! By www.wysiwygwebbuilder.com Published On :: Mon, 21 Nov 2011 12:08:05 GMT We are pleased to announce a major new release with more than 150 new features and improvements! Full Article
ed WYSIWYG Web Builder 9.0 released! By www.wysiwygwebbuilder.com Published On :: Mon, 17 Jun 2013 10:53:50 GMT We are pleased to announce a major new release with more than 150 new features and improvements! Full Article
ed WYSIWYG Web Builder 10.0 released! By www.wysiwygwebbuilder.com Published On :: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 12:21:00 GMT We are pleased to announce a major new release with more than 100 new features and improvements! Full Article
ed WYSIWYG Web Builder 11.0 released! By wysiwygwebbuilder.com Published On :: Mon, 25 Jan 2016 09:47:12 GMT We are pleased to announce a major new release with more than 150 new features and improvements! Full Article
ed WYSIWYG Web Builder 12.0 released! By wysiwygwebbuilder.com Published On :: Tue, 04 Apr 2017 11:41:47 GMT We are pleased to announce a major new release with more than 125 new features and improvements! Full Article
ed Phenotypic Adaption of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Hacking Siderophores Produced by Other Microorganisms By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-01 Quentin PerraudApr 1, 2020; 19:589-607Research Full Article
ed Peptide-based interaction proteomics By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-28 Katrina MeyerApr 28, 2020; 0:R120.002034v1-mcp.R120.002034Review Full Article
ed The DNA sensor cGAS is decorated by acetylation and phosphorylation modifications in the context of immune signaling By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-28 Bokai SongApr 28, 2020; 0:RA120.001981v1-mcp.RA120.001981Research Full Article
ed Modulation of natural HLA-B*27:05 ligandome by ankylosing spondylitis-associated endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-07 Elena LorenteApr 7, 2020; 0:RA120.002014v1-mcp.RA120.002014Research Full Article
ed HIGD2A is required for assembly of the COX3 module of human mitochondrial complex IV By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-21 Daniella H HockApr 21, 2020; 0:RA120.002076v1-mcp.RA120.002076Research Full Article
ed Chemical Genetics of AGC-kinases Reveals Shared Targets of Ypk1, Protein Kinase A and Sch9 By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-01 Michael PlankApr 1, 2020; 19:655-671Research Full Article
ed Characterization of Prenylated C-terminal Peptides Using a Thiopropyl-based Capture Technique and LC-MS/MS By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-13 James A. WilkinsApr 13, 2020; 0:RA120.001944v1-mcp.RA120.001944Research Full Article
ed Flow-induced reorganization of laminin-integrin networks within the endothelial basement membrane uncovered by proteomics By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-24 Eelke P. BéguinApr 24, 2020; 0:RA120.001964v1-mcp.RA120.001964Research Full Article
ed Dysregulation of Exosome Cargo by Mutant Tau Expressed in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Neurons Revealed by Proteomics Analyses By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-15 Sonia PodvinApr 15, 2020; 0:RA120.002079v1-mcp.RA120.002079Research Full Article
ed Identification of an Unconventional Subpeptidome Bound to the Behcet's Disease-associated HLA-B*51:01 that is Regulated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01 Liye ChenMay 1, 2020; 19:871-883Research Full Article
ed Quantitative proteomics of human heart samples collected in vivo reveal the remodeled protein landscape of dilated left atrium without atrial fibrillation By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-14 Nora LinscheidApr 14, 2020; 0:RA119.001878v1-mcp.RA119.001878Research Full Article
ed Arginine in C9ORF72 Dipolypeptides Mediates Promiscuous Proteome Binding and Multiple Modes of Toxicity By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-01 Mona RadwanApr 1, 2020; 19:640-654Research Full Article
ed Immediate adaptation analysis implicates BCL6 as an EGFR-TKI combination therapy target in NSCLC By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-03-31 Yan Zhou TranMar 31, 2020; 0:RA120.002036v1-mcp.RA120.002036Research Full Article
ed Characterization of signaling pathways associated with pancreatic {beta}-cell adaptive flexibility in compensation of obesity-linked diabetes in db/db mice By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-07 Taewook KangApr 7, 2020; 0:RA119.001882v1-mcp.RA119.001882Research Full Article
ed Discovery of a Redox Thiol Switch: Implications for Cellular Energy Metabolism By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01 Xing-Huang GaoMay 1, 2020; 19:852-870Research Full Article
ed Large-scale Identification of N-linked Intact Glycopeptides in Human Serum using HILIC Enrichment and Spectral Library Search By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-01 Qingbo ShuApr 1, 2020; 19:672-689Research Full Article
ed Quantitative Profiling of the Human Substantia Nigra Proteome from Laser-capture Microdissected FFPE Tissue By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01 Eva GriesserMay 1, 2020; 19:839-851Research Full Article
ed Compliance Checklists No Longer Required at Initial Manuscript Submission By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-01 Alma L. BurlingameApr 1, 2020; 19:571-571Editorial Full Article
ed Improving Identification of In-organello Protein-Protein Interactions Using an Affinity-enrichable, Isotopically Coded, and Mass Spectrometry-cleavable Chemical Crosslinker By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-01 Karl A. T. MakepeaceApr 1, 2020; 19:624-639Research Full Article
ed MaxQuant software for ion mobility enhanced shotgun proteomics By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-03-10 Nikita PrianichnikovMar 10, 2020; 0:TIR119.001720v1-mcp.TIR119.001720Technological Innovation and Resources Full Article
ed An Improved Boosting to Amplify Signal with Isobaric Labeling (iBASIL) Strategy for Precise Quantitative Single-cell Proteomics By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01 Chia-Feng TsaiMay 1, 2020; 19:828-838Research Full Article
ed How to remove unused devices from Sophos Central By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 28 Apr 2020 18:17:03 +0000 We take you through the steps to clear your old devices from Sophos Central, so you've got more time to focus on the devices that matter. Full Article Corporate Security Tips SIEM SOAR Sophos Central Sophos Central API Sophos Security Team
ed Strengthening Urban Preparedness and Resilience Against Biological Threats in Accra By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 23 Jan 2019 17:40:01 +0000 Invitation Only Research Event 1 March 2019 - 10:30am to 2 March 2019 - 3:00pm Chatham House, London Capacity to contain and respond to biological threats varies considerably across the world. Yet such preparedness is vital for prevention, impact-reduction and resilience in the face of biological events, whether they be natural or deliberate outbreaks.Chatham House is conducting a series of meetings to strengthen urban preparedness for, and resilience against, biological threats in African countries. This meeting will examine the preparedness and prevention mechanisms in Accra, reviewing the comprehensiveness of city-level preparedness. This meeting will focus on the formation and implementation of city-level action plans in the context of preparedness for managing biological threats. It will also explore how local authorities are contributing to this effort with their knowledge and expertise.Attendance at this event is by invitation only. Department/project International Security Programme, Strengthening Urban Preparedness and Resilience against Biological Threats Nilza Amaral Project Manager, International Security Programme Email Full Article
ed Cybersecurity of NATO’s Space-based Strategic Assets By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 25 Jun 2019 15:38:20 +0000 1 July 2019 Almost all modern military engagements rely on space-based assets, but cyber vulnerabilities can undermine confidence in the performance of strategic systems. This paper will evaluate the threats, vulnerabilities and consequences of cyber risks to strategic systems. Read online Download PDF Dr Beyza Unal Senior Research Fellow, International Security Programme @beyzaunal Google Scholar 2019-06-25-Space-Cybersecurity.jpg The radar domes of RAF Menwith Hill, reported to be the biggest spy base in the world, dominate the skyline on 30 October 2007 in Harrogate, UK. Photo: Getty Images SummaryAll satellites depend on cyber technology including software, hardware and other digital components. Any threat to a satellite’s control system or available bandwidth poses a direct challenge to national critical assets.NATO’s missions and operations are conducted in the air, land, cyber and maritime domains. Space-based architecture is fundamental to the provision of data and services in each of these contexts. The critical dependency on space has resulted in new cyber risks that disproportionately affect mission assurance. Investing in mitigation measures and in the resilience of space systems for the military is key to achieving protection in all domains.Almost all modern military engagements rely on space-based assets. During the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, 68 per cent of US munitions were guided utilizing space-based means (including laser-, infrared- and satellite-guided munitions); up sharply from 10 per cent in 1990–91, during the first Gulf war. In 2001, 60 per cent of the weapons used by the US in Afghanistan were precision-guided munitions, many of which had the capability to use information provided by space-based assets to correct their own positioning to hit a target.NATO does not own satellites. It owns and operates a few terrestrial elements, such as satellite communications anchor stations and terminals. It requests access to products and services – such as space weather reports and satellite overflight reports provided via satellite reconnaissance advance notice systems – but does not have direct access to satellites: it is up to individual NATO member states to determine whether they allow access.Cyber vulnerabilities undermine confidence in the performance of strategic systems. As a result, rising uncertainty in information and analysis continues to impact the credibility of deterrence and strategic stability. Loss of trust in technology also has implications for determining the source of a malicious attack (attribution), strategic calculus in crisis decision-making and may increase the risk of misperception. Department/project International Security Programme, Cyber and Space Full Article
ed Policy Implications of Armed Drone Use By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 01 Aug 2019 13:15:02 +0000 This project brings together experts on the use of armed drones, including current and former military officials, academia, think-tanks and NGOs, to discuss and exchange perspectives based on their different experiences, with the aim of sharing knowledge and increasing understanding on these issues, and to inform and provide input into the European debate. With the increased use of armed drones in recent years, ethical and legal concerns have been raised in regard to civilian casualties, secrecy and lack of transparency and accountability for drone strikes.This project brings together experts on the use of armed drones, including current and former military officials, academia, think-tanks and NGOs, to discuss and exchange perspectives based on their different experiences, with the aim of sharing knowledge and increasing understanding on these issues, and to inform and provide input into the European debate. The experts explore the issues and controversies surrounding the use of drones outside formal armed conflict and study the broader policy implications in detail, particularly with regards to what this means for the UK and other European countries.Building on the findings from the workshops, this project will hold a simulation exercise to stress test critical areas of concern around the use of armed drones that are relevant for the UK and other EU member states.The discussions and the simulation exercise will provide opportunities for policy input on areas of mutual concern and feed into practical policy recommendations on the use of armed drones.This project builds on previous work on armed drones by the International Security Department and is funded by the Open Society Foundations. Past events (2) Research Event The Implications of Drone Proliferation in Europe 20 May 2019 Research Event Transparency and Accountability for Drone Use: European Approaches 11 March 2019 More on Policy Implications of Armed Drone Use Full Article
