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Italy: “the workers are not cannon fodder” – after the 30 March assembly, the fight for lockdown continues...

Since the beginning of the healthcare crisis, the decrees issued by the Conte government have, one after the other, increased the number of restrictions. This is on top of the ordinances from the different regions. A campaign has developed and has promoted social distancing through calls to stay at home, hashtags and appeals. But all this fervour did not affect the millions of workers forced to continue going to work in non-essential companies and services.




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Britain: the capitalist press – “a great keyboard on which the government can play”

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The slipping mask of Swedish capitalism

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Should "Progressives" Boycott Whole Foods Over CEO's Statements on Health Care?

I am constantly amazed at the level of political discourse in the US. So a debate about health care degenerates into scares about "death panels" and boycotts of Whole Foods because their CEO is against it. It is all a bit much, and a complete mystery




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Food for Thought: Do The Health Care Views of Whole Food's CEO Keep You Away?

I went to Whole Foods in Oakland on Saturday, like I do most weekends, but I missed the dance/theater/protest against the grocery chain's co-founder and CEO John Mackey, he of the now infamous quote: "A careful reading of both the Declaration of




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High Levels Of BPA Found In Cash Register Receipts, What You Can Do To Protect Yourself

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How an 'Untouchable Day' can boost your productivity

Where distractions are weeded out, focus can take root.




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Canada's Conservative leader blasts food guide for 'bias' against dairy

"Chocolate milk saved my son's life," Andrew Scheer said. So he has promised to rewrite the dietary guidelines if elected this fall.




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What’s the relationship between education, income, and favoring the Pakistani Taliban?


The narratives on U.S. development aid to Pakistan—as well as Pakistan’s own development policy discussion—frequently invoke the conventional wisdom that more education and better economic opportunities result in lower extremism. In the debate surrounding the Kerry-Lugar-Berman bill in 2009, for instance, the late Ambassador Richard Holbrooke urged Congress to “target the economic and social roots of extremism in western Pakistan with more economic aid.”

But evidence across various contexts, including in Pakistan, has not supported this notion (see Alan Kreuger’s What Makes a Terrorist for a good overview of this evidence). We know that many terrorists are educated. And lack of education and economic opportunities do not appear to drive support for terrorism and terrorist groups. I have argued that we need to focus on the quality and content of the educational curricula—in Pakistan’s case, they are rife with biases and intolerance, and designed to foster an exclusionary identity—to understand the relationship between education and attitudes toward extremism.

My latest analysis with data from the March 2013 Pew Global Attitudes poll conducted in Pakistan sheds new light on the relationship between years of education and Pakistanis’ views of the Taliban, and lends supports to the conventional wisdom. The survey sampled 1,201 respondents throughout Pakistan, except the most insecure areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan. This was a time of mounting terror attacks by the Pakistani Taliban (a few months after their attack on Malala), and came at the tail end of the Pakistan People's Party’s term in power, before the May 2013 general elections.

On attitudes toward the Pakistani Taliban, or Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), 3 percent of respondents to the Pew poll said they had a very favorable view, 13 percent reported somewhat favorable views, while nearly 17 percent and 39 percent answered that they had somewhat unfavorable and very unfavorable views, respectively. A large percentage of respondents (28 percent) chose not to answer the question or said they did not know their views. This is typical with a sensitive survey question such as this one, in a context as insecure as Pakistan.

So overall levels of support for the TTP are low, and the majority of respondents report having unfavorable views. The non-responses could reflect those who have unfavorable views but choose not to respond because of fear, or those who may simply not have an opinion on the Pakistani Taliban.

The first part of my analysis cross-tabulates attitudes toward the TTP with education and income respectively. I look at the distribution of attitudes for each education and income category (with very and somewhat favorable views lumped together as favorable; similarly for unfavorable attitudes).

Figure 1. Pakistani views on the Pakistani Taliban, by education level, 2013

Figure 1 shows that an increasing percentage of respondents report unfavorable views of the Taliban as education levels rise; and there is a decreasing percentage of non-responses at higher education levels (suggesting that more educated people have more confidence in their views, stronger views, or less fear). However, the percentage of respondents with favorable views of the Taliban, hovering between 10-20 percent, is not that different across education levels, and does not vary monotonically with education. 

Figure 2. Pakistani views on the Pakistani Taliban, by income level, 2013

Figure 2 shows views on the Pakistani Taliban by income level. While the percentage of non-responses is highest for the lowest income category, the percentages responding favorably and unfavorably do not change monotonically with income. We see broadly similar distributions of attitudes across the four income levels.

But these cross-tabulations do not account for other factors that may affect attitudes: age, gender, and geographical location. Regressions (not shown here) accounting for these factors in addition to income and education show interesting results: relative to no education, higher education levels are associated with less favorable opinions of the Pakistani Taliban; these results are strongest for those with some university education, which is heartening. This confirms findings from focus groups I conducted with university students in Pakistan in May 2015. Students at public universities engaged in wide ranging political and social debates with each other on Pakistan and its identity, quoted Rousseau and Chomsky, and had more nuanced views on terrorism and the rest of the world relative to high school students I interviewed. This must at least partly be a result of the superior curriculum and variety of materials to which they are exposed at the college level.

My regressions also show that older people have more unfavorable opinions toward the Taliban, relative to younger people; this is concerning and is consistent with the trend toward rising extremist views in Pakistan’s younger population. The problems in Pakistan’s curriculum that began in the 1980s are likely to be at least partly responsible for this trend. Urban respondents seem to have more favorable opinions toward the Taliban than rural respondents; respondents from Punjab and Baluchistan have more favorable opinions toward the Taliban relative to those from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which as a province has had a closer and more direct experience with terror. The regression shows no relationship of income with attitudes, as was suggested by Figure 2.

Overall, the Pew 2013 data show evidence of a positive relationship between more education and lack of support for the Taliban, suggesting that the persisting but increasingly discredited conventional wisdom on these issues may hold some truth after all. These results should be complemented with additional years of data. That is what I will work on next.

Authors

      
 
 




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Brazil gripped by major political crisis in midst of Covid-19 pandemic

A major political crisis has broken out in Brazil. The Minister of Justice Moro resigned yesterday after president Bolsonaro removed the head of the Federal Police (FP) Valeixo, who had been nominated by Moro. The now former minister of justice has accused Bolsonaro of wanting to appoint a new FP head from whom he could get information in relation to cases involving Bolsonaro's sons, including the assassination of PSOL councillor Marielle Franco.




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USA: food scarcity and the “efficiency of the market”

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, millions tried to prepare for social isolation like they would for a blizzard—stocking up not just on toilet paper and sanitizer, but also on pantry basics like milk, eggs, flour, and beans. Faced with this sudden surge in demand, grocery stores across the country were completely overwhelmed. Not just shelves but entire stores were cleared out, so “one-per-customer” rules were established on select items and notices were posted detailing which were out of stock. As we have written elsewhere, the capitalists can’t efficiently sustain supply chains through a crisis such as this.




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Can Washington D.C. become the greenest city in the U.S.?

The Sustainable D.C. Act of 2012 lists 32 goals, 31 targets, and more than 140 actions aimed to make Washington D.C. the "greenest city in the U.S."




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Micro-community of tiny homes flourishes on rehabilitated vacant lot

A group of tiny home owners have converted a formerly vacant lot into a small but vibrant place to demonstrate the possibilities of living happily with less.




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Behold the sorriest bus stop in America

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Ollie the jailbreaking bobcat on the lam from National Zoo

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US Capitol gets duckling ramps, brouhaha ensues

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Trump admin removes White House Capital Bikeshare station

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A tall tale of a telephone pole, or why pedestrians can't have a nice place to walk

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Why are so many visions of the future dominated by cars?

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UK carbon emissions down 38% since 1990

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Photo: American pika delivers a spring bouquet

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Caltech's Energy Retrofit: From Fuel Cells to a Daylighting Celeostat

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Competition to Find a New Design to Replace the Electrical Pylons

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California Utility Opens First Sustainable Campus as Model Utility Site

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PG&E Customers Can Say No to Smart Meters, But at a Price

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Viral Video Calls for Mass Exodus from Fossil Fuels

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Italian energy giant to phase out coal, go carbon neutral before 2050

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Automated electricity bill payments cause people to consume more energy

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British utility allows businesses to buy "local" renewable energy

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A major U.S. utility company just pledged to go carbon-free for the first time in American history

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Wretched Excess or the future of housing design? Another look at the car elevator

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Wretched Excess or Clever Design? Apartment tower with car elevators is definitely the former.

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You can't be too skinny or too rich In New York City

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Utensilmate is a great candidate for the Wrongest Product Award

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Cadbury's Dairy Milk Goes Fairtrade, Next Billion Go To TED, Huff Post on Coal, and More

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Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something...Green? Ritz-Carlton, Charlotte Delivers Eco-Friendly Weddings

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Couple to Wed Thanks to 400,000 Recycled Cans

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Tiny house lovers can tie the knot in the Tiny Chapel

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Larch Corner is a Passivhaus wooden wonder that shows how we should be thinking about carbon

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Green economies offer small islands new economic and ecological opportunities

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How drought has affected beauty routines in Cape Town

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Canadians demand nation-wide strategy on plastic pollution

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Avocado mania continues to suck Chile dry

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Are environmental laws to blame for California's wildfires?

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Eco Wine Review: Frei Brothers Reserve 2008 Alexander Valley Cabernet Sauvignon

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