Various communication systems may benefit from managing signal interference. For example, certain wireless communication systems may benefit from a dynamic time division duplex system involving slot allocation. A method includes allocating, by an access point, in a time division duplex frame a plurality of radio resource slots, each one of the plurality of radio resource slots being allocated for a downlink or an uplink transmission, and determining that the allocation of the downlink or uplink transmission should be changed. The method also includes applying a permutation pattern to re-allocate at least one of the plurality of radio resource slots for the downlink or uplink transmission.

A first communication device and method therein for transmitting data information at fixed time instants on a radio channel to a second communication device in a radio communications network. First, the first communication device determines that the radio channel is available for transmitting data information to the second communication device during a time period determined by the first communication device. Then, the first communication device transmits a preamble on the available radio channel after the time period. The first communication device thereafter transmits the data information on the available radio channel to the second communication device at a next fixed time instant following the transmission of the preamble.

A time-reversal wireless system comprising a first wireless transceiver of a time-reversal client, one or more second wireless transceiver and/or a time-reversal client with the first wireless transceiver. The first wireless transceiver of the time-reversal client is wirelessly coupled to the one or more second wireless transceiver through a wireless broadband multipath channel associated with a space. The time-reversal client contains the first wireless transceiver. The time-reversal client also contains a processor and a memory configured to obtain a set of channel state information (CSI) in a channel probing phase, and/or to obtain a set of location-specific signatures based on the set of CSI and/or a time reversal operation in a channel probing phase. The set of CSI is captured when one or more probing signal is sent either from the first wireless transceiver to each of the at least one second wireless transceiver, or from each of the at least one second wireless transceiver to the first wireless transceiver, through the wireless broadband multipath channel associated with the space. A channel passband with bandwidth W0 is associated with the wireless broadband multipath channel. A first passband with bandwidth W1 is associated with the first wireless transceiver. The W1 is not larger than W0 such that the first passband is part of the channel passband. One or more second passband is associated with the one or more second wireless transceiver such that a bandwidth W2 associated with each of the one or more second passband is not larger than W1 such that the each of the one or more second passband is part of the first passband. Each of the set of CSI include a channel impulse response, a channel frequency response, and/or another channel state data of the wireless broadband multipath channel.

A data transmission apparatus in a communication system includes a reception unit configured to receive terminal information from a plurality of terminals through a new frequency band for transmission and reception of data between the plurality of terminals and an AP (access point); a determination unit configured to determine access timing of the terminals to the AP by using the terminal information, and generate terminal access information including information on the access timing; and a transmission unit configured to transmit the terminal access information and beacon frames to the terminals, wherein the terminals access the AP and transmit data frames to the AP, at the access timing based on the beacon frames.

Disclosed are a method for transmitting and receiving a frame in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system and an apparatus for the same. A method for generating interference/non-interference station lists includes receiving a first frame from a second station, acquiring a receiver address of the first frame from the first frame, and setting, based on whether to receive a second frame that is a response to the first frame from a third station indicated by the receiver address within a preset time from a time when the first frame has been received, the third station as an interference station or a non-interference station. Therefore, the performance of a communication system may be improved.

This disclosure describes methods, devices, and systems related to an OFDMA Distributed Channel Access. Devices are disclosed comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory that stores computer-executable instructions, wherein the at least one processor is configured to access the at least one memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to identify a trigger frame received on the communication channel from the computing device. The at least one processor may determine an uplink frame to be sent to a computing device on a communication channel. The at least one processor may identify one or more random access resource allocations, wherein the one or more random access resource allocations are associated with the trigger frame. The at least one processor may assign a respective numerical value to each of the one or more random access resource allocations. The at least one processor may also select a numerical value based at least in part on a probability distribution. The at least one processor may also determine a particular resource allocation of the one or more random access resource allocations that corresponds to the numerical value. The at least one processor may also cause the uplink frame to be sent to the computing device using the particular resource allocation.

A system, apparatus and method is disclosed for multiband wireless communication. Frequency bands and/or transmission formats are identified as available within a range for wireless communication. The system evaluates signal quality metrics for each frequency band and selects a communication method based on the evaluation. Multiple frequency bands and communication methods can be utilized by the system such that a combination of licensed, unlicensed, semilicensed, and overlapped frequency bands can be simultaneously used for communication. The system monitors communications and can report link performance for adaptive control of the selected communication methods.

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for generating a codeword, and a method and an apparatus for recovering a codeword. An encoder calculates the number of punctured symbol nodes among symbol nodes included in a codeword, punctures symbol nodes located at even or odd number positions among the symbol nodes included in the codeword, calculates the number of symbol nodes which need to be additionally punctured on the basis of the calculated number of the symbol nodes to be punctured, classifies the symbol nodes, which need to be additionally punctured, into one or more punctured node groups on the basis of the calculated number of symbol nodes which need to be punctured, determines the locations on the codeword where the one or more punctured node groups are to be arranged, and punctures the symbol nodes included in the codeword which belong to the punctured node groups according to the determined locations. A transmission unit transmits the codeword.

The present disclosure provides an auxiliary communication method and system, a device having base station function and a terminal. The auxiliary communication method includes: determining whether it is needed to provide auxiliary communication for any terminal according to channel quality of communication channels with the any terminal and data transmission requirement of the any terminal; selecting a specified terminal which is connected to the device having the base station function as an auxiliary terminal for assisting communication of the any terminal, when it is determined that it is needed to provide auxiliary communication for the any terminal; communicating with the any terminal through the auxiliary terminal. The present disclosure enables accurately to determine the terminal assisted in communication. Wasting communication sources and blind assistance are avoided. And higher channel quality of the terminal between the terminal and the base station and higher data transmission rate can be ensured.

In one embodiment, a server of a first wireless communication network receives a wireless communication originated by a terminal of the first wireless communication network, the wireless communication containing a current geographic location of the terminal as determined by the terminal. The server may then determine acceptable communication parameters for the terminal to communicate on the first wireless communication network, e.g., based on preventing transmission by the terminal that might interfere with operation of one or more unintended receivers. The server then generates an instruction message for the terminal based on the acceptable communication parameters, and transmits the instruction message toward the terminal to cause the terminal to only continue transmitting according to acceptable communication parameters.

A technology is disclosed for an evolved Node B (eNB). The eNB can determine a set of configuration indication fields numbered 1 to N, included in a downlink control information (DCI) format Y carried on the PDCCH, where N=⌊LformatYM⌋, Lformat Y is equal to a payload size of the DCI format Y, and M is a number of bits of each indication field. The eNB can map the DCI format Y onto the PDCCH. The eNB can encode for transmission from to the UE the PDCCH with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by an enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eIMTA) Radio-Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) for the UE.

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and a method for determining a resource for device-to-device communication by a user equipment is disclosed. A method for determining a resource for device-to-device communication according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise the steps of: receiving, from an eNode B (eNB), configuration information related to a resource pool configured for each level; selecting the resource pool of the device-to-device communication on the basis of the configuration information; and selecting a resource for the device-to-device communication in the resource pool. Herein, the resource pool may be configured to have two or more levels.

A first wireless device may determine a bandwidth for transmitting a frame, calculate two or more Spatial Reuse (SR) parameter values for the bandwidth, set, using the SR parameter values, first and second SR fields of the frame based on the bandwidth and a channel center frequency in which the bandwidth is carried, and transmit the frame to a second wireless device on the bandwidth. The first and second SR fields may be set to a first value when the bandwidth is a 40 MHz bandwidth and the channel center frequency is in a 2.4 GHz band. The first and second SR fields may be set to the first value when the bandwidth is an 80+80 MHz bandwidth and the channel center frequency is in a 5 GHz band. The first value may be a minimum of SR parameter values for first and second bandwidths in the bandwidth.

In one embodiment, a device of a first wireless communication network determines a link budget from a terminal in the first communication network to an unintended receiver for a communication from the terminal to an intended receiver in the first wireless communication network, based on the communication being configured with initial communication parameters. The device also determines whether one or more adjusted communication parameters would result in reducing a received power at the unintended receiver being below a link budget threshold, while still satisfying a receive sensitivity of the intended receiver. If so, the device causes the terminal to transmit the communication using the adjusted communication parameters. In one embodiment, the device is the terminal, and causing comprises transmitting as the terminal. In another embodiment, the device is a server of the first communication network, and causing comprises instructing the terminal to transmit the communication using the adjusted communication parameters.

A method and a radio network node for scheduling wireless devices. The node assigns, to each wireless device, a D2D pair out of the D2D pairs based on spatial compatibilities for each of the D2D pairs with respect to each wireless device. The node estimates, for each wireless device and the assigned D2D pair, a first respective throughput for cellular communication and D2D communication, and estimates, for each wireless device, a second respective throughput for only cellular communication. The node schedules one or more of the wireless devices of the cellular network based on the first and second respective throughputs. Each of the wireless devices is scheduled for cellular communication together with the D2D communication of the assigned D2D pair when the first respective throughput exceeds the second respective throughput, or for only cellular communication when the first respective throughput is below the second respective throughput.

A technique for emulating virtual port control of airtime fairness for wireless stations using per station Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameters. Specific parameters are received for each of a plurality of stations connected to the access point. An EDCA field of a beacon that stores a general EDCA parameter is set to an empty state. The beacon is broadcast to a plurality stations on the wireless communication network and within range of an access point. The beacon comprises a BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier) for use by the plurality of stations to connect with the access point for access to the wireless communication network. The beacon also comprises an empty EDCA field. In response to broadcasting the empty EDCA parameter, receiving a direct inquiry from each of the plurality of stations for the general EDCA parameter. Each of the plurality of stations is responded to with a direct communication of a specific parameter corresponding to each station. A transmission is received from at least one of the stations complying with the specific parameter.

A method, in a network node, for managing a wireless device is disclosed. The method comprises conducting spectrum opportunity detection within a spectrum band and indicating a result of the spectrum opportunity detection to the wireless device. For the purposes of the method, a spectrum opportunity comprises a channel within the spectrum band which is at least temporarily available for use by the wireless device. Also disclosed is a method in a wireless device in a network. The method comprises detecting an indication of a result of spectrum opportunity detection conducted by a network node within a spectrum band and if the indication indicates a detected spectrum opportunity, conducting one of a transmission or reception operation on the detected spectrum opportunity. Also disclosed are a computer program product for carrying out the above methods, a network node and a wireless device.

According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes an electromagnetic wave emitter, a wireless communication circuitry and a hardware processor. The electromagnetic wave emitter emits a first electromagnetic wave. The wireless communication circuitry communicates with another electronic apparatus according to a first standard, using a second electromagnetic wave. The first electromagnetic wave can be noise for a communication by the wireless communication circuitry. The hardware processor determines a period to be allowed to communicate with the another electronic apparatus according to the first standard. The electromagnetic wave emitter emits the first electromagnetic wave during the first period.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a device for communication according to a specific communication protocol is provided. The communication device includes a processor for generating and processing frames based on frame formats defined by the communication protocol. The processor generates a beacon frame so that information on a collision avoidance scheme supported by the device of a plurality kinds of information specified based on the communication protocol is omitted. Further, the processor processes a connection request frame transmitted from other device to extract information on a collision avoidance scheme supported by the other device, and controls communication with the other device based on comparison of the extracted information on the collision avoidance scheme with the information on the collision avoidance scheme supported by the device.

According to one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes: a receiver that configured to receives a first frame; and a transmitter that configured to transmits a second frame including a first identifier and acknowledgement information on the first frame, the first identifier being extracted from a predetermined field of the first frame and being different from a source address of the first frame.

The sensing method a first vehicle user equipment (UE) for collision avoidance in a wireless communication network comprises receiving a set of scheduling assignment (SA) information allocated to a set of second vehicle UEs, decoding the set of SA information, each of which includes SA information to each of the set of second vehicle UEs, performing energy sensing operation for resources to be used by each of the set of second vehicle UEs to determine additional potential SA transmission and data transmission from the set of second vehicle UEs over the resources, determining available resources for the data transmission from the first vehicle UE based on the performed energy sensing and SA sensing, skipping a channel sensing operation on at least one subframe that is used for the data transmission from the first vehicle UE, and transmitting data among resources identified as unused in next transmissions from second vehicle UEs.

Provided is a method of assigning a slot, the method including transmitting an assignment request for at least one slot of a first frame to a terminal, determining whether an acknowledgement (ACK) of the assignment request is received from the terminal, in a slot corresponding to the at least one slot in a second frame which is a subsequent frame of the first frame, and determining whether the at least one slot for which the assignment request is transmitted has been assigned based on whether the ACK of the assignment request is received.

A method includes: monitoring a plurality of wireless working frequency bands supported by a smart terminal; when a Peer to Peer (P2P) data packet is received at any of the wireless working frequency bands, analyzing the P2P data packet and obtaining device information of a smart device; and establishing a wireless connection with the smart device at the wireless working frequency band according to the device information.

Technologies for streaming device role reversal include a source computing device and a destination computing device coupled via a communication channel. The source computing device and destination computing device are each configured to support role reversal. In other words, the source computing device and the destination computing device are each capable of switching between receiving and transmitting digital media content over the established communication channel. The source computing device is configured to initiate the role reversal, pause transmit functionality of the source computing device, and enable receive functionality of the source computing device. The destination computing device is configured to receive a role reversal indication from the source computing device, locally process the content, transmit a content stream to the source computing device, and display the content stream on an output device of the source computing device. Other embodiments are described and claimed herein.

A Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication control method of a vehicle includes: determining a Wi-Fi communication state of the vehicle at a current position; selecting a Wi-Fi channel having a low communication load according to the Wi-Fi communication state of the vehicle at the current position; and forming a Wi-Fi zone in the vehicle using the selected Wi-Fi channel.

Provided are a device-to-device (D2D) operation method carried out by a terminal in an RRC connection state in a wireless communication system, and a terminal using the method. The method is characterized by: determining whether a radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment process is problematic; and transmitting a D2D signal using an exception resource, when the RRC connection establishment process is determined to be problematic.

A master user equipment (UE) device may coordinate device-to-device (D2D) communications amongst a plurality of UE devices. For example, a UE device, which has been designated as a master UE device, may coordinate a D2D communication between a first UE device and a second UE device. The master UE device may be a UE device that obtains an indication that it is a master UE device that is to coordinate D2D communications amongst the plurality of UE devices. In some embodiments, the coordinating the D2D communication may be on behalf of a network and/or to facilitate wireless communication between the network and at least one of the plurality of UE devices.

Provided are a device-to-device (D2D) operation method carried out by a terminal in an RRC connection state in a wireless communication system, and a terminal using the method. The method is characterized by: determining whether a communication link with a base station is problematic; and transmitting a D2D signal using an exception resource, when the communication link with the base station is determined to be problematic.

A method in a network node comprises determining (610) whether at least a first D2D capable UE is or will be performing a D2D operation, and determining whether the at least the first D2D capable UE is or will be performing cellular operation. The method comprises adapting (620) activity and/or inactivity state configurations for the at least the first D2D UE based on the determining.

In a paper or board machine drying line after the wire section, during dewatering a web's (W) width is affected in a direction crosswise to the web's traveling direction. Starting from an edge, at least one device (20A, 20B) brings about a force effect of a desired magnitude which is directed all the way to a desired arbitrary crosswise web position in order to modify web characteristics. A device in a paper or board machine line after the wire section has means for processing the web and for dewatering. The paper or board machine line after the wire section further has at least one device (20A; 20B) for directing a force effect at a desired partial area (WS) of the web (W) in the cross machine direction in order to modify the web's characteristics profile in the cross machine direction.

A device for stretching webs of material transversely to a travel direction thereof, includes at least one rotary stretcher extending transversely to the travel direction of the web of material. The stretcher is composed of at least two round tubes which are aligned axially with each other and are supported by ball-and-socket joints on links. The links are mounted adjustably on a base frame.

A stationary working surface of a one roll microcreper member is of plastic resin having low wear and friction properties. As a primary pressing member subject to concentrated force it is 0.040 inch thick. One or both opposed retarder members of a bladed microcreper are of the plastic. Thermoplastics meeting wear and friction limits, e.g. ultra high density polyethylene, are employed. Primary extensions, some having openings, slots or holes serve as flexible retarders to engage treated material. By a load-spreading surface, the thermoplastic primary member is restrained without distortion. By this surface being linear it slideably inserts into a mounting. By this surface being parallel to the roll axis the primary member is free for cross-machine thermal expansion. A primary member shown is sheet form, mounted between sheet metal members, one with a restraint surface. Sheet materials of polyolefins, wood pulp, etc. are dry microcreped at improved rates and materials not heretofore capable of being processed can now be processed.

The k first elements from an unordered list of n total elements are copied to a result buffer, wherein k is a value smaller than n. The k first elements in the result buffer are sorted. Each subsequent element in the unordered list is compared to elements in the result buffer. If the subsequent element belongs in the result buffer, a current element in the result buffer is replaced with the subsequent element. The elements in the result buffer are then resorted.

Vehicle internetworks provide for communications among diverse electronic devices within a vehicle, and for communications among these devices and networks external to the vehicle. The vehicle internetwork comprises specific devices, software, and protocols, and provides for security for essential vehicle functions and data communications, ease of integration of new devices and services to the vehicle internetwork, and ease of addition of services linking the vehicle to external networks such as the Internet.

A device for preventing jamming of a fibrous material subject to a compressive treatment in a stuffing chamber defined by a feed roll and a retard roll. The device includes an impact blade and a stabilizing apparatus. The impact blade is rigid and interchangeable. The stabilizing apparatus stabilizes the impact blade against moving away from the feed roll to prevent the jamming of the fibrous material between the feed roll and the impact blade during the compressive treatment of the fibrous material.

A computer system, comprising at least one controlled execution space hosting an operating system and an application program; a vulnerability monitoring agent coupled to the controlled execution space; one or more vulnerability profiles coupled to the vulnerability monitoring agent, wherein each of the vulnerability profiles comprises an application program identifier, an operating system identifier, a vulnerability specification describing a vulnerability of an application program that the application program identifier indicates when executed with an operating system that the operating system identifier indicates, and a remedial action which when executed will remediate the vulnerability; wherein the vulnerability monitoring agent is configured to monitor execution of the operating system and the application program in the controlled execution space, to detect an anomaly associated with the vulnerability, to determine the remedial action for the operating system and application program based on one of the vulnerability profiles, and to cause the remedial action.

A method for identifying vulnerable system call pairs is disclosed. The method is based on a model for identifying Time-Of-Check-To-Time-Of-Use (TOCTTOU) problem (called STEM), which enumerates the potential file system call pairs (called exploitable TOCTTOU pairs) that form the check/use steps. The system function calls are classified into a plurality of predefined classes and pairs of the function calls are formed according to predefined criteria, where the function calls within a pair are associated with the same file invariant.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a high-quality porous film. Here, while the porous film is being manufactured through forming micropores by stretching, a raw film is prevented from slipping on the surfaces of the respective rolls as much as possible even though the raw film includes oil or liquid paraffin as a solvent. The method is for manufacturing a porous film through forming micropores by successive biaxial stretching. A tensile force applied to the raw film F transferring from the longitudinal stretching machine (10) to the transverse stretching machine (50) is set not less than a stretching force necessary for the longitudinal stretching, and thus the raw film is prevented from slipping on a contact surface between the raw film and each roll of the longitudinal stretching machine (10).

A carpet is having a raschel fabric to the back face. The raschel fabric consists of wefts which are inlay-yarns and warps which are chain-stitched yarns. The warp consists of chain-stitched ground yarns 3a, 3b, and a pile yarn 4 which forms standing loop piles on specified courses and which is chain-stitched with the ground yarns except said specified courses. The pile yarn consists of two mono-filaments 5, 5. The two mono-filaments 5, 5 are twisted at least one time per the length of each loop pile. Cut piles are formed by mechanically cutting the each loop pile near the top thereof. The two mono-filaments in the cut pile are disjoining each other and standing with inclination at random direction on the raschel fabric. When the carpet is placed on the surface of a mat, each mono-filament which is formed on the back face of the carpet, bites into the surface of the mat. Therefore, it is prevented that the carpet is displaced.

The invention relates to an artificial turf, comprising a backing and a number of artificial grass blades connected to the backing and extending transversely of the surface thereof, which artificial grass blades have an irregular, in particular a locally narrowed, cross-section. Owing to this locally narrowed cross-section in the vicinity of the free end thereof, these artificial grass blades greatly resemble natural blades of grass and also display similar behavior. The invention also relates to a method for forming such an artificial turf and to a device with which this method can be performed. The narrowed cross-section can herein be formed by stretching the artificial grass blades, wherein the artificial grass blades can be plasticized before, during and/or after the stretching, for instance by local heating thereof.

A data conversion system for a vehicle includes an interface gateway device that is configured to be communicatively coupled with a data acquisition module and a client module. The data acquisition module obtains a value of a data parameter related to operation of the vehicle and communicates the value to the interface gateway device in a first message provided in a first format. The interface gateway device is configured to convert the first format of the first message into a different, second format to form a second message and to communicate the second message to the client module. The client module uses the second message to perform a function for the vehicle.

A device and method for measuring the thickness of a cloth when the predetermined pressing force is applied to the cloth. A device for measuring a cloth thickness includes a stationary part having a base surface; a movable member having a pressing end to press a cloth against the base surface; a movable member driving mechanism to move the movable member linearly without rotating around itself from an initial position up to an over-pressing position where the pressing end presses the cloth against the base surface with a force exceeding the predetermined pressing force; a load cell for detecting a force with which the pressing end presses the cloth against the base surface; and a pulse coder for detecting the space between the base surface and the pressing end when a force value detected by the load cell reaches the predetermined pressing force.

An apparatus for pliabilizing tubular materials including a frame, a ring holder, and a mandrel assembly. The ring holder assembly is mounted to the frame and includes a circumferential ring, and a plurality of pairs of non-mechanically driven, rotatable wheels mounted around the ring and having a recess extending circumferentially around an outer edge. The mandrel assembly includes a mandrel having proximal and distal ends and a maximum outer circumference, and a plurality of non-mechanically driven, rotatable wheels spaced apart about a circumference of the mandrel and mounted thereto so as to extend radially beyond the maximum outer circumference. The wheels of the mandrel assembly are positioned between and so as to mate with respective pairs of the wheels of the ring holder assembly, and the wheels of the mandrel assembly are sized shaped to mate with the recesses of the respective pairs of wheels of the ring holder assembly.

A thread removal tool for getting rid of loose thread pieces, thread ends, etc. from textiles, fabric, cloth and the like, for example, after ripping open a previously produced seam, contains a thread removal head (3). The thread removal head can be located at one end of a shaft or a handle part (1) and is configured to take hold of loose thread pieces or thread fragments, without itself becoming attached to an underlying textile item, a piece of cloth or the like. The thread removal head can have an uneven surface, e.g., contain bumps (5), to grasp loose thread pieces and thread fragments. Furthermore, or alternatively, it can be made of or have a surface layer made of a material which has a certain sticking or fastening action on such loose thread pieces and thread fragments.

A portable apparatus is removably and communicatively connectable to a network device to communicate authentication or authorization credentials of a user in connection with the user logging into or entering into a transaction with a network site. The apparatus includes a communications port to connect and disconnect the apparatus to and from the network device and to establish a communication link with the network device when connected thereto. A processor receives a secure message from the network security server via the port. The message has a PIN for authenticating the user to the network site, and is readable only by the apparatus. The processor either transfers, via the port, the received PIN to an application associated with the network site that is executing on the network device or causes the apparatus to display the received PIN for manual transfer to the application associated with the network site.

A method for the manufacture of an interwoven wicker, plastic strip basket, handbag or luggage which involves interweaving the wicker or plastic strips to form a body and to form a cover for the body of the basket and then anchoring by means of a tool the protruding ends of the strips of the body and of the cover to channel-shaped rails which rest on removable supports in the body, thus forming the frames of the body and cover.

A pair of motor driven circular saws are mounted on opposite sides of a frame supported horizontal barrel stave carrying conveyor with the axes of the saws perpendicular to the direction of conveyor travel and their planes arranged in downwardly converging relation. Spring loaded guide rollers, forming a part of the saw driving motor supports, adjusts the position of the saws in a desired barrel stave edge trimming spaced-apart relation by contact with the respective opposing longitudinal sides of a barrel stave to be trimmed as it is moved by the conveyor between the saws. Lock means actuated by spring loaded pressure rollers overlying the position of the barrel stave when moved by the conveyor maintains the adjusted spaced-apart relation of the saws for the duration of the saw trimming action on each side of each stave moved through the machine by the conveyor.

A method of making a basket-like or other decorative article from pine needles comprising the steps of twisting and arranging pine needles, stitching the pine needles with a sewing needle and thread, so as to form a surface or wall, forming a basket-like object, the outer and inner surfaces of which are sealed with a protective coating, such as varnish.

A system for making woven articles and kits from which woven articles may be manufactured using the woven construction system are disclosed. The woven construction system includes the use of at least two spaced shaping bands which are interconnected by a plurality of vertical struts which are received within aligned holes in each of the shaping bands. The skeletal structure thus produced by the shaping bands and vertical struts can then be woven by an elongated weaving strip to produce a finished tubular woven construction. Several kits are disclosed which may be assembled into finished woven articles by persons not generally skilled in making woven objects without the use of additional jigs or fixtures.

A claw for use in a barrel hoop driver which allows the top hoop of a barrel to be driven beyond the barrel edge thereby allowing barrels for reuse to have their staves tightened without fitting new end hoops. The claw has spaced guide members controlling the effective depth of a blade for engagement with the hoops, the spaced arrangement of the guide members preventing accumulation of wood shavings on the blade.