A composition and method demulsify a produced emulsion from anionic surfactants and polymer (SP) and alkali, surfactants, and polymer (ASP). The produced emulsion is demulsified into oil and water. In one embodiment, the composition includes a surfactant. The surfactant comprises a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, or any combinations thereof.

Methods of increasing the solubility of a base in supercritical carbon dioxide include forming a complex of a Lewis acid and the base, and dissolving the complex in supercritical carbon dioxide. The Lewis acid is soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide, and the base is substantially insoluble in supercritical carbon dioxide. Methods for increasing the solubility of water in supercritical carbon dioxide include dissolving an acid or a base in supercritical carbon dioxide to form a solution and dissolving water in the solution. The acid or the base is formulated to interact with water to solubilize the water in the supercritical carbon dioxide. Some compositions include supercritical carbon dioxide, a hydrolysable metallic compound, and at least one of an acid and a base. Some compositions include an alkoxide and at least one of an acid and a base.

An aerosol glitter composition for achieving the “sugar” glitter effect comprises a solvent, binder, square polyester glitter, optionally a rheology modifier, and propellant.

The invention relates to the use of polymers, containing between 1 and 100 mol % of structural units of the formula (1), wherein R1 means hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, A means C2-C4 alkylene groups, and B means C2-C4 alkylene groups, with the stipulation that A is different from B, and x and y mean an integer from 1 to 100 independent of each other, in amounts of 0.01 to 2 wt % relative to the water phase, as gas hydrate inhibitors.

The invention provides for the use of copolymers comprising 1 to 99 mol % of structural units of the formula (1) in which R1 is hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, A is C2-C4-alkylene groups and B is C2-C4-alkylene groups, with the proviso that A is different than B, and x, y are each independently an integer of 1-100, and 1 to 99 mol % of structural units of the formula (3) in which R6 is hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, D is C2-C4-alkylene groups and z is an integer of 1-50, in amounts of 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the water phase, as gas hydrate inhibitors.

Disclosed herein are stabilized powder and aqueous formulations comprising a substantially water insoluble lipophilic bioactive compound and a micelle-forming surfactant. In one embodiment, the formulation further comprises a water soluble reducing agent, and/or a water insoluble reducing agent, and/or a metal chelator, and/or a metal bisulfite reducing agent, or combinations thereof, wherein the formulation remains substantially clear and stable when stored at or below room temperature for a period of at least 6 months or at least 12 months; and methods for preparing these formulations.

An aqueous compressed gas aerosol formulation in combination with a lined steel can, which may also optionally be tin plated, to provide corrosion stability, fragrance stability and color stability. An aerosol formulation of particular advantage for use is an air and/or fabric treatment formulation. The combination provides a compatibility which allows for the ability to use a broader fragrance pallet for the air and/or fabric treatment formulation which is aqueous based in major proportion. The formulation includes, in addition to an aqueous carrier, a fragrance, nonionic surfactant(s) or a blend of nonionic surfactant(s) and cationic surfactant(s), a compressed gas propellant(s), pH adjuster(s), and corrosion inhibitor(s). The formulation has a pH of about 8 to less than 10. The corrosion inhibitor(s) is(are) mild in strength and used in a minor amount.

Emulsions, and processes for making the emulsions, useful for imparting water resistance to gypsum products are disclosed. Process for making the emulsion and gypsum products made from the emulsion are also disclosed. The emulsions of the invention include at least one paraffin wax and a hydrophilic metallic salt. The emulsions of the invention may further include a saponifiable wax substitute for montan wax. The emulsions of the invention may further include a biocide.

The invention is drawn to fluid concentrate formulations of fatty acid monoethanolamides comprising (a) about 71-76% by weight of one or more C8-C22 fatty acid monoethanolamides, (b) about 15-17% by weight of water, and (c) about 10-12% by weight of one or more hydrotropes, based on the fluid formulation, wherein the fluid formulation is homogeneous, pumpable and color stable at a temperature of less than 55° C. A preferred embodiment is drawn to fluid concentrate formulations of cocamide monoethanolamide (CMEA) consisting of (a) about 71-76% by weight of CMEA, (b) about 15-17% by weight of water, and (c) about 10-12% by weight of glycerol, based on the fluid formulation. Methods of preparing the fluid concentrate formulations mulations are also disclosed. The fluid concentrate formulations of fatty acid monoethanolamides are useful in the preparation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions.

A heat transfer fluid emulsion includes a heat transfer fluid, and liquid droplets dispersed within the heat transfer fluid, where the liquid droplets are substantially immiscible with respect to the heat transfer fluid and have dimensions that are no greater than about 100 nanometers. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the heat transfer fluid emulsion is greater than the thermal conductivity of the heat transfer fluid.

This invention provides a method related to the preparation of derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol), wherein the method comprises increasing the pH of an aqueous composition comprising a poly(ethylene glycol) bearing a —O—(CH2)n—CO2R3 functional group to result in an aqueous composition comprising a poly(ethylene glycol) bearing a —O—(CH2)n—CO2H functional group, wherein R3 is alkyl and (n) in each instance is 1-6.

Oil-water dispersions and emulsions derived from petroleum industry operations are demulsified and clarified using anionic polymers. Formation of such oil-water dispersion and emulsions is inhibited and mitigated using the anionic polymers. The anionic polymers comprise: A) 2-80% by weight of at least one C3-C8 α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer; B) 15-80% by weight of at least one nonionic, copolymerizable α,β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer; C) 1-50% by weight of one or more of the following monomers: C1) at least one nonionic vinyl surfactant ester; or C2) at least one nonionic, copolymerizable α,β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer having longer polymer chains than monomer B), or C3) at least one nonionic urethane monomer; and, optionally, D) 0-5% by weight of at least one crosslinker.

The present invention relates to a method for producing particles of a compound of interest. In a method according to the invention a solution is provided of the compound of interest in a solvent. This solution is thickened or gelled and particles are formed. The invention further relates to a particle that is obtainable by the invention.

The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises E-1,2-difluoroethylene. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and power cycle working fluids.

The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises Z-1,2-difluoroethylene (Z-HFO-1132a). The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and power cycle working fluids.

Particular aspects provide compositions comprising an electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid, wherein the oxygen in the fluid is present in an amount of at least 25 ppm. In certain aspects, the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises electrokinetically modified or charged oxygen species present in an amount of at least 0.5 ppm. In certain aspects the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises solvated electrons stabilized by molecular oxygen, and wherein the solvated electrons present in an amount of at least 0.01 ppm. In certain aspects, the fluid facilitates oxidation of pyrogallol to purpurogallin in the presence of horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in an amount above that afforded by a control pressure pot generated or fine-bubble generated aqueous fluid having an equivalent dissolved oxygen level, and wherein there is no hydrogen peroxide, or less than 0.1 ppm of hydrogen peroxide present in the electrokinetic oxygen-enriched aqueous fluid.

Emulsions, and processes for making the emulsions, useful for imparting water resistance to gypsum products are disclosed. Process for making the emulsion and gypsum products made from the emulsion are also disclosed. The emulsions of the invention include at least one paraffin wax and a hydrophilic metallic salt. The emulsions of the invention may further include a saponifiable wax substitute for montan wax. The emulsions of the invention may further include a biocide.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a conductive material that allows a low electric resistance to be generated, and that is obtained by using an inexpensive and stable conductive material composition containing no adhesive. The conductive material can be provided by a producing method that includes the step of sintering a first conductive material composition that contains silver particles having an average particle diameter (median diameter) of 0.1 μm to 15 μm, and a metal oxide, so as to obtain a conductive material. The conductive material can be provided also by a method that includes the step of sintering a second conductive material composition that contains silver particles having an average particle diameter (median diameter) of 0.1 μm to 15 μm in an atmosphere of oxygen or ozone, or ambient atmosphere, at a temperature in a range of 150° C. to 320° C., so as to obtain a conductive material.

Described is a method to prepare wet foams exhibiting long-term stability wherein colloidal particles are used to stabilize the gas-liquid interface, said particles being initially inherently partially lyophobic particles or partially lyophobized particles having mean particle sizes from 1 nm to 20 μm. In one aspect, the partially lyophobized particles are prepared in-situ by treating initially hydrophilic particles with amphiphilic molecules of specific solubility in the liquid phase of the suspension.

A method of reducing the downward flow of air currents on the leeward side of an emissions emitting structure including the step of using a system that includes components chosen from the group consisting of one or more mechanical air moving devices; physical structures; and combinations thereof to create an increase in the air pressure within a volume of air on the leeward side of an emissions emitting structure having emissions that become airborne. The increased air pressure prevents or lessens downward flow of emissions that would occur without the use of the system and increases the safety by which one can travel a road or other transportation route that might otherwise be visually obscured by the emissions and the safety of the property and those within the area where emissions occur.

A method of making cerium-containing metal oxide nanoparticles in non-polar solvent eliminates the need for solvent shifting steps. The direct synthesis method involves: (a) forming a reaction mixture of a source of cerous ion and a carboxylic acid, and optionally, a hydrocarbon solvent; and optionally further comprises a non-cerous metal ion; (b) heating the reaction mixture to oxidize cerous ion to ceric ion; and (c) recovering a nanoparticle of either cerium oxide or a mixed metal oxide comprising cerium. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles thus obtained have cubic fluorite crystal structure and a geometric diameter in the range of about 1 nanometer to about 20 nanometers. Dispersions of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles prepared by this method can be used as a component of a fuel or lubricant additive.

A method for producing an emulsion is provided. At least a fluid to be processed that forms continuous phase and a fluid to be processed that forms dispersed phase are mixed in a thin film fluid formed between processing surfaces arranged to be opposite to each other so as to be able to approach to and separate from each other, at least one of which rotates relative to the other, whereby the emulsion having variation coefficient of 0.3 to 30% in a particle size distribution is obtained.

A process for preparing bi-modal water emulsions is disclosed comprising: I) forming a mixture comprising; A) 100 parts by weight of a hydrophobic oil, B) 1 to 1000 part by weight of a water continuous emulsion having at least one surfactant, II) admixing additional quantities of the water continuous emulsion and/or water to the mixture from step I) to form a bi-modal emulsion.

Process for preparing a dispersion comprising silicon dioxide particles and cationizing agents, by dispersing 50 to 75 parts by weight of water, 25 to 50 parts by weight of silicon dioxide particles having a BET surface area of 30 to 500 m2/g and 100 to 300 μg of cationizing agent per square meter of the BET surface area of the silicon dioxide particles, wherein the cationizing agent is obtainable by reacting at least one haloalkyl-functional alkoxysilane, hydrolysis products, condensation products and/or mixtures thereof with at least one aminoalcohol and water; and optionally removing the resulting hydrolysis alcohol from the reaction mixture. Also the process for preparing the dispersion, wherein the cationizing agent comprises one or more quaternary, aminoalcohol-functional, organosilicon compounds of formula III and/or condensation products thereof, wherein Ru and Rv are independently C2-4 alkyl group, m is 2-5 and n is 2-5.

A microfluidic method and device for focusing and/or forming discontinuous sections of similar or dissimilar size in a fluid is provided. The device can be fabricated simply from readily-available, inexpensive material using simple techniques.

Aqueous emulsions of epoxy- and organo-substituted, branched organopolysiloxanes are prepared by emulsifying the latter in water with the aid of a dispersing agent. The emulsions are storage stable and are useful in multi-component coating, adhesive, and binder systems.

According to the present invention, a metal nanoparticle dispersion suitable to multiple layered coating by jetting in the form of fine droplets is prepared by dispersing metal nanoparticles having an average particle size of 1 to 100 nm in a dispersion solvent having a boiling point of 80° C. or higher in such a manner that the volume percentage of the dispersion solvent is selected in the range of 55 to 80% by volume and the fluid viscosity (20° C.) of the dispersion is chosen in the range of 2 mPa·s to 30 mPa·s, and then when the dispersion is discharged in the form of fine droplets by inkjet method or the like, the dispersion is concentrated by evaporation of the dispersion solvent in the droplets in the course of flight, coming to be a viscous dispersion which can be applicable to multi-layered coating.

Antibacterial sol-gel coating solutions are used to form articles. The antibacterial sol-gel coating solution includes at least one Ti or Si-containing compound that is capable of hydrolyzing to form a base film; a regulating agent capable of regulating the hydrolysis rate of the Ti or Si-containing compounds, an organic solvent, water, and at least one soluble compound of an antibacterial metal, such as Ag, Cu, Mg, Zn, Sn, Fe, Co, Ni, or Ce.

A method for synthesizing catalyst beads of bulk transmission metal carbides, nitrides and phosphides is provided. The method includes providing an aqueous suspension of transition metal oxide particles in a gel forming base, dropping the suspension into an aqueous solution to form a gel bead matrix, heating the bead to remove the binder, and carburizing, nitriding or phosphiding the bead to form a transition metal carbide, nitride, or phosphide catalyst bead. The method can be tuned for control of porosity, mechanical strength, and dopant content of the beads. The produced catalyst beads are catalytically active, mechanically robust, and suitable for packed-bed reactor applications. The produced catalyst beads are suitable for biomass conversion, petrochemistry, petroleum refining, electrocatalysis, and other applications.

Provided is a defoamer for fermentation which has excellent dispersibility in water and forms neither a precipitate nor oil droplets when the dispersion is heated, and which is highly effective in defoaming fermentation media. This defoamer contains a reaction product obtained by mixing a fat or oil having an iodine value of 40 to 130 with glycerin or like in a molar ratio of from 3/2 to 1/2 to obtain a mixture, causing 4 to 17 mol of propylene oxide to add to 1 mol of the mixture, and then causing 20 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide and 70 to 110 mol of propylene oxide to block-wise add thereto in this order, the reaction product having an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide molar ratio of from 1/4 to 2/5.

Provided is an oil-in-water silicone emulsion composition that has a low silicone oligomer content, and that can form, even without the use of an organotin compound as a curing catalyst, a cured film that exhibits satisfactory strength and satisfactory adherence to a substrate, through the removal of water fraction. An oil-in-water silicone emulsion composition comprising (A) 100 mass parts of a polyorganosiloxane that contains in each molecule at least two groups selected from the group consisting of a silicon-bonded hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, and alkoxyalkoxy group, (B) 0.1 to 200 mass parts of a colloidal silica, (C) 0.1 to 100 mass parts of an aminoxy group-containing organosilicon compound that has in each molecule an average of two silicon-bonded aminoxy groups, (D) 1 to 100 mass parts of an ionic emulsifying agent, (E) 0.1 to 50 mass parts of a non-ionic emulsifying agent, and (F) 10 to 500 mass parts of water.

A data processing apparatus includes multiple processing means that are connected in a ring shape via corresponding communication means respectively. Each communication means includes a reception means for receiving data from a previous communication means, and a transmission means for transmitting data to a next communication means. Connection information is assigned to each of the reception means and the transmission means. The communication means, when receiving a packet that has same connection information as one assigned to its reception means, causes the corresponding processing means to perform data processing on the packet, sets the connection information assigned to its transmission means to the packet, and transmits the packet to the next communication means, and when receiving a packet that has connection information that is not same as one assigned to its reception means, transmits the packet to the next communication means without changing the connection information of the packet.

A vector data access unit includes data access ordering circuitry, for issuing data access requests indicated by elements of earlier and a later vector instructions, one being a write instruction. An element indicating the next data access for each of the instructions is determined. The next data accesses for the earlier and the later instructions may be reordered. The next data access of the earlier instruction is selected if the position of the earlier instruction's next data element is less than or equal to the position of the later instruction's next data element minus a predetermined value. The next data access of the later instruction may be selected if the position of the earlier instruction's next data element is higher than the position of the later instruction's next data element minus a predetermined value. Thus data accesses from earlier and later instructions are partially interleaved.

A computing section is provided with a plurality of computing units and correlatively stores entries of configuration information that describes configurations of the plurality of computing units with physical configuration numbers that represent the entries of configuration information and executes a computation in a configuration corresponding to a designated physical configuration number. A status management section designates a physical configuration number corresponding to a status to which the computing section needs to advance the next time for the computing section and outputs the status to which the computing section needs to advance the next time as a logical status number that uniquely identifies the status to which the computing section needs to advance the next time in an object code. A determination section determines whether or not the computing section has stored an entry of configuration information corresponding to the status to which the computing section needs to advance the next time based on the logical status number that is output from the status management section. A rewriting section correlatively stores the entry of the configuration information and a physical configuration number corresponding to the entry of the configuration information in the computing section when the determination section determines that the computing section has not stored the entry of configuration information corresponding to the status to which the computing section needs to advance the next time.

Techniques are described for decoupling fetching of an instruction stored in a main program memory from earliest execution of the instruction. An indirect execution method and program instructions to support such execution are addressed. In addition, an improved indirect deferred execution processor (DXP) VLIW architecture is described which supports a scalable array of memory centric processor elements that do not require local load and store units.

A method and circuit arrangement utilize a low latency variable transfer network between the register files of multiple processing cores in a multi-core processor chip to support fine grained parallelism of virtual threads across multiple hardware threads. The communication of a variable over the variable transfer network may be initiated by a move from a local register in a register file of a source processing core to a variable register that is allocated to a destination hardware thread in a destination processing core, so that the destination hardware thread can then move the variable from the variable register to a local register in the destination processing core.

The disclosure relates to the implementation of multi-tasking on a digital signal processor. Blocking functions are arranged such that they do not make use of a processor's hardware stack. Respective function calls are replaced with a piece of inline assembly code, which instead performs a branch to the correct routine for carrying out said function. If a blocking condition of the blocking function is encountered, a task switch can be done to resume another task. Whilst the hardware stack is not used when a task switch might have to occur, mixed-up contents of the hardware stack among function calls performed by different tasks are avoided.

A system and method for controlling restarting of instruction fetching using speculative address computations in a processor are provided. The system includes a predicted target queue to hold branch prediction logic (BPL) generated target address values. The system also includes target selection logic including a recycle queue. The target selection logic selects a saved branch target value between a previously speculatively calculated branch target value from the recycle queue and an address value from the predicted target queue. The system further includes a compare block to identify a wrong target in response to a mismatch between the saved branch target value and a current calculated branch target, where instruction fetching is restarted in response to the wrong target.

Embodiments provide methods, apparatus, systems, and computer readable media associated with predicting predicates and branch targets during execution of programs using combined branch target and predicate predictions. The predictions may be made using one or more prediction control flow graphs which represent predicates in instruction blocks and branches between blocks in a program. The prediction control flow graphs may be structured as trees such that each node in the graphs is associated with a predicate instruction, and each leaf associated with a branch target which jumps to another block. During execution of a block, a prediction generator may take a control point history and generate a prediction. Following the path suggested by the prediction through the tree, both predicate values and branch targets may be predicted. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Methods and systems for optimizing generation of natively executable code from non-native binary code are disclosed. One method includes receiving a source file including binary code configured for execution according to a non-native instruction set architecture. The method also includes translating one or more code blocks included in the executable binary code to source code, and applying an optimizing algorithm to instructions in the one or more code blocks. The optimizing algorithm is selected to reduce a number of memory address translations performed when translating the source code to native executable binary code, thereby resulting in one or more optimized code blocks. The method further includes compiling the source code to generate an output file comprising natively executable binary code including the one or more optimized code blocks.

A method of extending advanced process control (APC) models includes constructing an APC model table including APC model parameters of a plurality of products and a plurality of work stations. The APC model table includes empty cells and cells filled with existing APC model parameters. Average APC model parameters of the existing APC model parameters are calculated, and filled into the empty cells as initial values. An iterative calculation is performed to update the empty cells with updated values.

A computing machine is disclosed having a memory system for storing a collection of execution nodes, a head for reading a sequence of symbols in the execution nodes in the memory system, and writing a sequence of symbols in the memory system. The machine is configured to execute a computation with a collection of pairs of execution nodes. Each pair of execution nodes represents a machine instruction. One execution node in the pair represents input of the machine instruction represented by the execution nodes. Another execution node in the pair represents output of the machine instruction represented by the execution nodes. Each execution node has a state of the machine, a sequence of symbols and a number.

A processor for processing loop instructions can include an instruction reorder structure and a loop processing controller. The instruction reorder structure is configured to store decoded instructions according to program order and issue the decoded instructions for execution out of program order. The loop processing controller is configured to detect a loop in the decoded instructions stored in the instruction reorder structure and cause the instruction reorder structure to reissue the decoded instructions that form the loop for re-execution.

A processor determines whether a first program is under execution when a second program is executed, and changes a setting of a memory management unit based on access prohibition information so that a fault occurs when the second program makes an access to a memory when the first program is under execution. Then, the processor determines whether an access from the second program to a memory area used by the first program is permitted based on memory restriction information when the fault occurs while the first program and the second program are under execution, and changes the setting of the memory management unit so that the fault does not occur when the access to the memory area is permitted.

Augmented processor hardware contains a microcode interpreter. When encrypted microcode is included in a message from a service, the microcode may be passed to the microcode interpreter. Based on decryption and execution of the microcode taking place at the processor hardware, extended functionality may be realized.

A method of executing an instruction set including a first instruction and a second instruction, includes reading the first instruction; determining whether the first instruction is an instruction which is integral with the second instruction; reading the second instruction; if the first instruction is integral with the second instruction, interpreting the operand field of the second instruction to indicate at least one value to be used in conjunction with at least one bit of the first instruction; and if the first instruction is not integral with the second instruction, interpreting the operand field of the second instruction to indicate an entry of a look-up table.

A multi-threaded in-order superscalar processor 2 includes an issue stage 12 including issue circuitry 22, 24 for selecting instructions to be issued to execution units 14, 16 in dependence upon a currently selected issue policy. A plurality of different issue policies are provided by associated different policy circuitry 28, 30, 32 and a selection between which of these instances of the policy circuitry 28, 30, 32 is active is made by policy selecting circuitry 34 in dependence upon detected dynamic behavior of the processor 2.

A microprocessor having performs an architectural instruction that instructs it to perform an operation on first and second source operands to generate a result and to write the result to a destination register only if its architectural condition flags satisfy a condition specified in the architectural instruction. A hardware instruction translator translates the instruction into first and second microinstructions. To execute the first microinstruction, an execution pipeline performs the operation on the source operands to generate the result. To execute the second microinstruction, it writes the destination register with the result generated by the first microinstruction if the architectural condition flags satisfy the condition, and writes the destination register with the current value of the destination register if the architectural condition flags do not satisfy the condition.

A hypervisor and one or more guest operating systems resident in a data processing system and hosted by the hypervisor are configured to selectively enable or disable branch prediction logic through separate hypervisor-mode and guest-mode instructions. By doing so, different branch prediction strategies may be employed for different operating systems and user applications hosted thereby to provide finer grained optimization of the branch prediction logic for different operating scenarios.

A computing method includes accepting a definition of a computing task, which includes multiple Processing Elements (PEs) having execution dependencies. The computing task is compiled for concurrent execution on a multiprocessor device, by arranging the PEs in a series of two or more invocations of the multiprocessor device, including assigning the PEs to the invocations depending on the execution dependencies. The multiprocessor device is invoked to run software code that executes the series of the invocations, so as to produce a result of the computing task.