Interview with Karl Y. Bilimoria, MD, MS, author of Underlying Reasons Associated With Hospital Readmission Following Surgery in the United States

Interview with Donald M. Berwick, MD, MPP, author of Measuring Surgical Outcomes for Improvement: Was Codman Wrong?

Interview with Joann G. Elmore, MD, MPH, author of Diagnostic Concordance Among Pathologists Interpreting Breast Biopsy Specimens

Interview with Jeffrey G. Jarvik, MD, MPH, author of Association of Early Imaging for Back Pain With Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults

Interview with Gail D'Onofrio, MD, MS, author of Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Trial

JAMA Topic Review: Edward Livingston, MD, FACS, AGAF, Deputy Editor of JAMA, explores how the study by Paulina Salminen, MD, PhD, supports treating appendicitis without surgery

Interview with Kevin P. Hill, MD, MHS, author of Medical Marijuana for Treatment of Chronic Pain and Other Medical and Psychiatric Problems: A Clinical Review, and Deepak Cyril D'Souza, MBBS, MD, author of Medical Marijuana: Is the Cart Before the Horse?

Interview with Thomas A. Gaziano, MD, MSc, author of Cost-effectiveness of 10-Year Risk Thresholds for Initiation of Statin Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Interview with Drew Altman, PhD and William Frist, MD, authors of Medicare and Medicaid at 50 Years: Perspectives of Beneficiaries, Health Care Professionals and Institutions, and Policy Makers

Interview with Adam M. Leventhal, PhD, author of Association of Electronic Cigarette Use With Initiation of Combustible Tobacco Product Smoking in Early Adolescence

Interview with Kaycee M. Sink, MD, MAS, author of Effect of a 24-Month Physical Activity Intervention vs Health Education on Cognitive Outcomes in Sedentary Older Adults: The LIFE Randomized Trial

Interview with Timothy Ley, MD, author of Association Between Mutation Clearance After Induction Therapy and Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Interview with Luke Rudmik, MD, MSc, author of Medical Therapies for Adult Chronic Sinusitis: A Systematic Review. This systematic review summarizes the evidence-based medical treatment of adult chronic sinusitis and proposes a treatment algorithm.

Interview with Jeffrey L. Cummings, MD, ScD, author of Effect of Dextromethorphan-Quinidine on Agitation in Patients With Alzheimer Disease Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Interview with Kevin C. Oeffinger, MD, author of Breast Cancer Screening for Women at Average Risk: 2015 Guideline Update From the American Cancer Society

Interview with Elizabeth T. H. Fontham, MPH, DrPH, author of Breast Cancer Screening for Women at Average Risk: 2015 Guideline Update From the American Cancer Society, Nancy L. Keating, MD, MPH, author of New Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening in US Women, and Evan R. Myers, MD, MPH, author of Benefits and Harms of Breast Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review

Interview with Ahmedin Jemal, DVM, PhD, author of Temporal Trends in Mortality in the United States, 1969-2013, and J. Michael McGinnis, MD, MPP, author of Mortality Trends and Signs of Health Progress. Also in this episode is a conversation with Christopher J.L. Murray, MD, DPhil, a Professor of Global Health at the University of Washington and Institute Director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.

Interview with Leonard B. Bacharier, MD, author of Early Administration of Azithromycin and Prevention of Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Preschool Children With a History of Such Illnesses: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Interview with Alex B. Haynes, MD, MPH, author of Relationship Between Cesarean Delivery Rate and Maternal and Neonatal Mortality

Interview with John H. Sampson, MD, PhD, MHSc, MBA, author of Alternating Electric Fields for the Treatment of Glioblastoma

Edward H. Livingston, MD discusses Graves disease with David Cooper, MD, author of Management of Graves Disease: A Review

Interview with Debbie A. Lawlor, PhD, author of Live-Birth Rate Associated With Repeat In Vitro Fertilization Treatment Cycles

Minor head trauma usually does not cause significant brain injury. To be safe, clinicians often obtain head CT scans to ensure no major injury is present. For minor head trauma (Glascow coma scale 13-15), the risk to benefit ratio for head CT is usually not in favor of getting CT scans. When the Canadian head CT rule or New Orleans Criteria are negative, there is a very small risk for missing a significant brain injury. Joshua Easter, MD from the Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Virginia who authored a JAMA Rational Clinical Examination article on this topic is interviewed as is Frederick Rivara, from the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Washington who wrote an accompanying editorial. Michelle Mello, a Law Professor at Stanford, discusses the medical liability associated with not obtaining neuroimaging for minor head trauma.

Interview with Gaëtan Deslée, MD, PhD, author of Lung Volume Reduction Coil Treatment vs Usual Care in Patients With Severe Emphysema: The REVOLENS Randomized Clinical Trial

Constipation is one of the most frequent problems clinicians are asked to deal with. Despite how common it is, constipation is frequently not treated adequately. In this podcast, Arnold Wald, MD, explains a stepwise approach to the management of constipation ranging from very simple measures to the most novel and complicated new medical therapies.

Interview with Justin E. Bekelman, MD, author of Comparison of Site of Death, Health Care Utilization, and Hospital Expenditures for Patients Dying With Cancer in 7 Developed Countries

Interview with Martha Clare Morris, ScD, author of Association of Seafood Consumption, Brain Mercury Level, and APOE ε4 Status With Brain Neuropathology in Older Adults

Polypharmacy is a rapidly worsening problem that hits elderly patients particularly hard.  As patients grow older, they need more medications but at the same time become less capable of managing the complexity of drug treatments.  In order to simplify treatment regimens for older patients, it is necessary to consider the evidence supporting treatment of various conditions and when the evidence is not particularly strong, reduce or eliminate medications accordingly.  Diabetes management in the elderly is highlighted in this podcast with specific attention given to deintensifying diabetes treatment in the elderly.

Articles discussed in this episode:

• Polypharmacy in the Aging Patient: Glycemic Control in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Review (Kasia J. Lipska, MD, MHS)
• Evaluation and Treatment of Older Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A Clinical Review (Timo E. Strandberg, MD, PhD)
• Trends in Prescription Drug Use Among Adults in the United States From 1999-2012 (Elizabeth D. Kantor, PhD, MPH)

Interview with Saad B. Omer, MBBS, MPH, PhD, author of Association Between Vaccine Refusal and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States A Review of Measles and Pertussis

Interview with William R. Phillips, MD, MPH, author of Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Christine Curry, MD, PhD, assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Miami, discusses the challenges of keeping pregnant patients and her colleagues well-informed of the facts as Zika virus fears circulate.

Interview with Pascal Hammel, MD, author of Effect of Chemoradiotherapy vs Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Controlled After 4 Months of Gemcitabine With or Without Erlotinib: The LAP07 Randomized Clinical Trial

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD is a very common problem affecting about 10% of all adolescents. Children with ADHD have short attention spans, are hyperactive, talk a great deal, can be disruptive in the classroom etc.-features that are common in many adolescents. However, to have true ADHD, children must be significantly impaired by these problems. An array of medical and behavioral treatments can successfully help manage ADHD. These are reviewed in a series of articles appearing in the May 10, 2016, issue of JAMA. In this podcast, we discuss ADHD with the authors of some of those papers, Eugenia Chan, MD, MPH from Harvard and Philip Shaw, MD, PhD from the National Human Genome Research Institute.

Articles discussed in this episode:

• Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
• Quantifying the Benefits and Risks of Methylphenidate as Treatment for Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Methylphenidate for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Howard Bauchner, MD, Editor in Chief of JAMA, interviews Simon Chapman, MD, author of Association Between Gun Law Reforms and Intentional Firearm Deaths in Australia, 1979-2013

Interview with Jeff D. Williamson, MD, MHS, author of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Adults Aged ≥75 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Persistent diarrhea is a poorly recognized syndrome in all populations that requires proper assessment and diagnosis to ensure that affected individuals receive the treatment needed to experience improvement of clinical symptoms. Listen to Drs Herbert DuPont and Annie Feagins discuss how to diagnose and treat diarrhea. Related article: Persistent Diarrhea

Interview with Dorry Segev, MD, PhD, author of HIV and Transplantation: New Reasons for HOPE

Lyme disease is very common in certain regions of the country and is caused by the spirochete Borrelia bergdorferi. Lyme disease is transmitted by tick bites and in this podcast we review the discovery of Lyme disease, its major clinical features, and how to diagnose and treat it, as told by Dr Alan Steere, Dr Lyndon Hu, and Dr Paul Auerwerter.

Related article: Review of Lyme Disease, Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis

Richard N. Rosenthal, MD discusses a randomized clinical trial demonstrating the efficacy of an implantable buprenorphine-releasing device for treating opioid use disorder.

Interview with Barbara E. Murray, MD, author of Infectious Disease Expert Sees Threat From Colistin-Resistant Superbug

Interview with Vivian S. Lee, MD, PhD, MBA;, author of Implementation of a Value-Driven Outcomes Program to Identify High Variability in Clinical Costs and Outcomes: Association With Reduced Cost and Improved Quality, and Michael E. Porter, PhD, author of From Volume to Value in Health Care: The Work Begins

Nearly all women experience some element of nausea and vomiting during their pregnancies. In this podcast we review the entire spectrum of disease all the way up to hyperemesis gravidarum and how to provide care for women experiencing these problems.

Article discussed in this episode:

Treatments for Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy

This Medical News podcast features a Q&A with CDC Director Tom Frieden, MD, commemorating the agency’s historic 70th anniversary. The interview was recorded on August 8th, 2016.

Interview with Ann E. Kurth, PhD, RN, MSN, MPH, Task Force member and co-author of Primary Care Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Interview with Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, USPSTF Task Force member and coauthor of Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Interview with Christopher JL. Murray, MD, DPhil, author of US County-Level Trends in Mortality Rates for Major Causes of Death, 1980-2014

Interview with Roger L. Zemek, MD, author of Association Between Early Participation in Physical Activity Following Acute Concussion and Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

Interview with Alex H. Krist, MD, MPH, Task Force member and co-author of Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Workplace violence–related injuries occur disproportionately in health care settings. In this podcast, we discuss how individual clinicians should manage violent patients who might attack them. Article discussed in this episode: Ensuring Staff Safety When Treating Potentially Violent Patients

Interview with Julie Rani Nangia, BA, MD, author of Effect of a Scalp Cooling Device on Alopecia in Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: The SCALP Randomized Clinical Trial, and Hope S. Rugo, MD, author of Association Between Use of a Scalp Cooling Device and Alopecia After Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer