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Dos, don’ts and precautions in wiring cables and conductors inside low-voltage switchboard

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 26 Apr 2021 06:33:13 +0000

To be clear from the very beginning of this article, there is no standard model for wiring low voltage switchboards and panelboards. However, for the wide variety of installations and ranges of power ratings, there are local work practices, regulations... Read more

The post Dos, don’ts and precautions in wiring cables and conductors inside low-voltage switchboard appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.


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Parameters of generators, transformers, lines and cables for vars, voltage and loads control

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 31 Jan 2022 08:18:08 +0000

For a power system to operate efficiently and securely, the importance of the correct and coordinated provision and control of reactive power cannot be overemphasised. It is necessary to examine reactive power requirements under both steady-state and dynamic conditions. Although... Read more

The post Parameters of generators, transformers, lines and cables for vars, voltage and loads control appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.


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Voltage Drop Analysis and Calculation Essentials (MS Excel Sheet Bonus)

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 28 Nov 2022 06:26:39 +0000

A voltage drop is the total amount of voltage loss that happens through all or part of an electric circuit due to impedance and other factors. The more the voltage drops in the system, the more negative impacts will likely... Read more

The post Voltage Drop Analysis and Calculation Essentials (MS Excel Sheet Bonus) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.


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Family, data and power generation: A conversation with CPS Energy’s Melanie Green

By www.power-eng.com
Published On :: Fri, 11 Feb 2022 13:00:00 +0000

Melanie Green is currently Sr. Director of Power Generation at CPS Energy in San Antonio, Texas.


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ERCOT: What’s changed since Uri and what weaknesses remain

By www.power-eng.com
Published On :: Mon, 14 Feb 2022 19:09:40 +0000

Everyone agrees Winter Storm Uri was a wake-up call. While the ERCOT grid operated successfully through Winter Storm Landon, some work remains to ensure the grid doesn’t snooze during the next major winter weather event.


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The Benefits of Educational Quizzes and Tests

By careertechtesting.blogspot.com
Published On :: Mon, 06 Jan 2014 18:08:00 +0000

John Kleeman shared on Questionmark's Blog the ten benefits of quizzes and tests in educational practice as proposed by psychology experts Henry L. Roediger III, Adam L. Putnam and Megan A. Smith in a recent paper, “Ten Benefits of Testing and Their Applications to Educational Practice”.

Here is John's summary and understanding of the paper:

1. Retrieval aids later retention. There is clear evidence from psychological experiments that practicing retrieval of something after learning it, for instance by taking a quiz or test, makes you more likely to retain it for the long term.
2. Testing identifies gaps in knowledge.
3. Testing causes students to learn more from the next study episode. Essentially it reduces forgetting which makes the next related study area more productive.
4. Testing produces better organization of knowledge by helping the brain organize material in clusters to allow better retrieval.
5. Testing improves transfer of knowledge to new contexts. There are several experiments referenced in the paper where tests and quizzes help transfer and application of knowledge.
6. Testing can facilitate retrieval of material that was not tested. Surprisingly there are circumstances where quizzes or tests, particularly if delayed, can help people retrieve/retain information that was related to that asked but not actually asked in the questions.
7. Testing improves metacognitive monitoring – by giving students scores or self-assessments, they can better predict their knowledge and be more confident about what they know and what they need to know.
8. Testing prevents interference from prior material when learning new material. If you have a test after learning one set of material before learning another set of material, it can make it less likely that the second session will
9. Testing provides feedback to instructors and lets them know what is learned or what is not.
10. Frequent testing encourages students to study. Having frequent quizzes and tests motivates study and reduces procrastination.
 You can see their paper “Ten Benefits of Testing and Their Applications to Educational Practice” in Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol 55. It’s also available for download on Professor Roediger’s publications page, in the list of papers from 2011, at http://psych.wustl.edu/memory/publications/.


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Cheating Your Way Through High School and College: The Numbers

By careertechtesting.blogspot.com
Published On :: Tue, 11 Feb 2014 15:26:00 +0000

Academic cheating seems to be growing at an ever alarming rate. Cheating occurs at every level of education and certification and it includes students, educators, and administrators. Technology has also given cheaters new methods for cheating and, unfortunately, you can find most of these methods demonstrated on YouTube (you can find additional resources on cheating HERE).

Best College Reviews created an interesting infographic about cheating in high school and college that I wanted to share with you. They provide resons for cheating and how cheating occurs among other interesting factoids.

Please take a look at their website to find additional resources on cheating (listed below the infographic).


Source: BestCollegeReviews.org (please follow the link for additional resources on cheating)


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Blended Learning and Career and Technology Education - Part I: The Definition

By careertechtesting.blogspot.com
Published On :: Wed, 23 Mar 2016 17:50:00 +0000


In this four-part series, I’ll define blended learning, discuss the models of blended learning, the implications for career and technical education, and how the Curriculum, Assessment, and Digital Delivery (CADD) areas of the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education can assist in the implementation of blended learning.

Technology has created a personalized access to the world where we can connect and learn… where we can create and share.  Almost every aspect of our lives have been changed by technology, except... education.

Over the last few years, I’ve entered into blended learning discussions with various people, including educators, and I’m always surprised at their perception of blended learning.  Many believe blended learning occurs when any type of computer-based learning takes place within the classroom.  In many instances, I would define what is occurring as technology-rich instruction, but there is a difference.

Blended learning is the combination of online learning and brick and mortar schools with teachers who enable students to learn at their own pace.  Why is this important?  Because many students learn in different ways and this allows each student to optimize their learning.  Quite simply, the purpose of blended learning is to take the best of traditional education and blend it with the power of online learning which allows for a more personalized and interactive learning experience.  Each teacher has the opportunity to review data, in the moment, and determine where the student is at and to form instruction for the next period or the next day.  Blended learning also puts the student in charge of their own learning which, to me, is a very valuable lesson in itself.

According to the Clayton Christensen Institute for Disruptive Education, blended learning “goes beyond one-to-one computers and high-tech gadgets. Blended learning involves leveraging the Internet to afford each student a more personalized learning experience, including increased student control over the time, place, path, and/or pace of learning.

The definition of blended learning is a formal education program in which a student learns:


at least in part through online learning, with some element of student control over time, place, path, and/or pace;




at least in part in a supervised brick-and-mortar location away from home;




and the modalities along each student’s learning path within a course or subject are connected to provide an integrated learning experience.”

See more at: http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning/#sthash.AWqDXtoh.dpuf

The key difference between blended learning and other forms of education is on its emphasis on personalized learning.  The International Association for Online Learning (iNACOL) defines personalized learning as, “Tailoring learning for each student’s strengths, needs and interests–including enabling student voice and choice in what, how, when and where they learn–to provide flexibility and supports to ensure mastery of the highest standards possible.” As you can see, the two definitions overlap, but blending learning adds online learning and leveraging the internet to personalize an individual’s learning experience.

Next- Blended Learning and Career and Technology Education - Part II: Blended Learning Models


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Blended Learning and Career and Technology Education - Part II: Blended Learning Models

By careertechtesting.blogspot.com
Published On :: Thu, 24 Mar 2016 17:36:00 +0000


In this four-part series, I’ll define blended learning, discuss the models of blended learning, the implications for career and technical education, and how the Curriculum, Assessment, and Digital Delivery (CADD) areas of the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education can assist in the implementation of blended learning.

As I mentioned in the first post in this series, technology has created a personalized access to the world where we can connect and learn… where we can create and share.  Almost every aspect of our lives have been changed by technology, except... education.

I believe blended learning can have a profound effect upon career and technology education in many instructional ways which will be discussed in the next post.  There are certain elements of blended learning that already occur in CTE and some may be doing an excellent job as I write this, but I’m not aware of research that helps decide if one model works better with any certain occupational area (if you know of any research in this area, PLEASE SHARE!!).

The Clayton Christensen Institute for Disruptive Education defines blended learning as “a formal education program in which the student learns:

(1) at least in part through online learning, with some element of student control over time, place, path, and/or pace;

(2) at least in part in a supervised brick-and-mortar location away from home;

(3) and the modalities along each student’s learning path within a course or subject are connected to provide an integrated learning experience.”

The Models —

The majority of blended-learning programs resemble one of four models: Rotation, Flex, A La Carte, and Enriched Virtual. The Rotation model includes four sub-models: Station Rotation, Lab Rotation, Flipped Classroom, and Individual Rotation.

1. Rotation model — a course or subject in which students rotate on a fixed schedule or at the teacher’s discretion between learning modalities, at least one of which is online learning. Other modalities might include activities such as small-group or full-class instruction, group projects, individual tutoring, and pencil-and-paper assignments. The students learn mostly on the brick-and-mortar campus, except for any homework assignments.

a. Station Rotation — a course or subject in which students experience the Rotation model within a contained classroom or group of classrooms. The Station Rotation model differs from the Individual Rotation model because students rotate through all of the stations, not only those on their custom schedules.

b. Lab Rotation – a course or subject in which students rotate to a computer lab for the online-learning station.

c. Flipped Classroom – a course or subject in which students participate in online learning off-site in place of traditional homework and then attend the brick-and-mortar school for face-to-face, teacher-guided practice or projects. The primary delivery of content and instruction is online, which differentiates a Flipped Classroom from students who are merely doing homework practice online at night.

d. Individual Rotation – a course or subject in which each student has an individualized playlist and does not necessarily rotate to each available station or modality. An algorithm or teacher(s) sets individual student schedules.

2. Flex model — a course or subject in which online learning is the backbone of student learning, even if it directs students to offline activities at times. Students move on an individually customized, fluid schedule among learning modalities. The teacher of record is on-site, and students learn mostly on the brick-and-mortar campus, except for any homework assignments. The teacher of record or other adults provide face-to-face support on a flexible and adaptive as-needed basis through activities such as small-group instruction, group projects, and individual tutoring. Some implementations have substantial face-to-face support, whereas others have minimal support. For example, some Flex models may have face-to-face certified teachers who supplement the online learning on a daily basis, whereas others may provide little face-to-face enrichment. Still others may have different staffing combinations. These variations are useful modifiers to describe a particular Flex model.

3. A La Carte model — a course that a student takes entirely online to accompany other experiences that the student is having at a brick-and-mortar school or learning center. The teacher of record for the A La Carte course is the online teacher. Students may take the A La Carte course either on the brick-and-mortar campus or off-site. This differs from full-time online learning because it is not a whole-school experience. Students take some courses A La Carte and others face-to-face at a brick-and-mortar campus.

4. Enriched Virtual model — a course or subject in which students have required face-to-face learning sessions with their teacher of record and then are free to complete their remaining coursework remote from the face-to-face teacher. Online learning is the backbone of student learning when the students are located remotely. The same person generally serves as both the online and face-to-face teacher. Many Enriched Virtual programs began as full-time online schools and then developed blended programs to provide students with brick-and-mortar school experiences. The Enriched Virtual model differs from the Flipped Classroom because in Enriched Virtual programs, students seldom meet face-to-face with their teachers every weekday. It differs from a fully online course because face-to-face learning sessions are more than optional office hours or social events; they are required.

- See more at: http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-definitions-and-models/#sthash.NCQBMOAF.dpuf


Next- Blended Learning and Career and Technology Education - Part III: Blended Learning Implications for CTE


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Blended Learning and Career and Technology Education - Part III: Implications for Career and Technical Education

By careertechtesting.blogspot.com
Published On :: Mon, 02 May 2016 19:44:00 +0000


In this four-part series, I’ll define blended learning, discuss the models of blended learning, the implications for career and technical education, and how the Curriculum, Assessment, and Digital Delivery (CADD) areas of the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education can assist in the implementation of blended learning.

Here are several ways that blended learning can have a profound effect upon career and technology education:

Personalized instruction – Blended learning allows for a more personalized and interactive learning experience by putting the student in charge of their own learning.  Taking the best of traditional education and blending it with the power of online learning will provide the teacher an opportunity to review data, in the moment, determine where the student is at and to form instruction for the next period or the next day.

Increased monitoring – The use of a student information, assessment, and gradebook systems that link to the LMS provides instant feedback on assignments and assessments.  This allows the instructor to spend time reviewing student data, adjust instruction, and provide additional classroom or individual instruction. 

Open entry/Open exit – Blended learning fits nicely with competency-based learning and the concept of open entry/open exit.  Personalized instruction and increased monitoring will allow the instructor to more accurately determine when tasks and competencies are achieved.

Increased enrollments – Depending on the blended learning model and the CTE program being offered, enrollments could potentially be increased.

Increased performance gains – “The Rise of K–12 Blended Learning - Profiles of emerging models” by Heather Staker profiles 40 educational entities. Not every school reported gains and some thought it was too early to verify results, but many posted positive gains when compared to the traditional classrooms within the same district.  For example:

“School of One - Students in summer 2009 acquired new math skills at a rate estimated to be
seven times faster than peers. Students in spring 2010 showed gains that, when
annualized, would equate to 1/2 to 2/3 of an additional year of gain. Students in
spring 2010 showed significant gains across all academic quartiles.”

Other potential benefits from this study include increased retention rates, an increase in teacher/parent contacts, increased course completion rates, a strengthening of curriculum offerings, and lower instructional costs.

As you can see, blended learning can have the potential to benefit the student, the instructor, and the parents in a careertech setting.  Again, I’m not aware of any research that helps decide if one model works better with any certain occupational area (if you know of any research in this area, PLEASE SHARE!!).


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Blended Learning and Career and Technology Education - Part IV: Implementing Blended Learning With Resources from the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education

By careertechtesting.blogspot.com
Published On :: Tue, 07 Jun 2016 17:02:00 +0000



In this four-part series, I’ll define blended learning, discuss the models of blended learning, the implications for career and technical education, and how the Curriculum, Assessment, and Digital Delivery (CADD) areas of the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education can assist in the implementation of blended learning.

Photo courtesy of the Clayton Christensen Institute
Blended learning is a shift to an online instructional delivery for a portion of the day to make students, teachers, and schools more productive, both academically and financially.  We all know there’s no single right approach to building the “perfect” model for blended learning as communities have different resources, classrooms, computers, schedules, and many other unique needs.  A school doesn’t always have the resources or the expertise to select and purchase a learning management system (LMS), design lessons, or write assessments, but there are available resources.

Did you know that the Curriculum, Assessment, and Digital Delivery areas of the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education can assist in the implementation of blended learning?  The National Technology Plan acknowledges the challenges of raising college and career-ready standards without a significant investment of new funding so check out our online catalog and search the following links for additional information and see how we can assist you in blending digital and teacher led instruction to personalize learning for each student.

CIMC
CareerTech Testing Center
ctYouniverse




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Some of the Best Educational iPad and Android Apps for Teachers

By careertechtesting.blogspot.com
Published On :: Thu, 25 Aug 2016 14:14:00 +0000


Educational Technology and Mobile Learning provides a list of some of the best iPad apps curated for learning and instructional purposes.

The list is divided into 19 sections with each containing a list of apps for a specific need. The sections include apps that facilitates:

  1. presentation
  2. screencasting
  3. video creation
  4. file storage
  5. whiteboard
  6. PDF annotation
  7. audio recording
  8. note-taking
  9. blogging
  10. book creation
  11. comic apps
  12. digital storytelling apps
  13. apps for grading
  14. mindmapping apps
  15. portfolio apps
  16. apps for creating posters
  17. apps for creating timelines
  18. apps for creating word clouds
  19. speech-to-text apps
 Educational Technology and Mobile Learning also provides a list of 10 indispensable Android apps for teachers. The list is curated from the top trending apps in the education section of Google Play store. The listed apps are as follows:
  1. Book Creator
  2. Handouts
  3. Remind
  4. Google Keep
  5. ClassDojo
  6. Nearpod
  7. Socrative Teacher
  8. Edmodo
  9. Google Classroom
  10. Explain Everything


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Wizer - A Free Platform to Create and Share Interactive Worksheets for Your Students

By careertechtesting.blogspot.com
Published On :: Tue, 30 Aug 2016 16:18:00 +0000



Wizer is an educational platform that allows instructors to create quick, easy and fun digital worksheets, to share them with fellow instructors, and to keep track of student performance.

The "FAQ's" below will tell you question types, multimedia resources, login formation, and some of the technology requirements.

As you know, "free" and "time-saving" are important factors to me....

Wizer FAQ's:

1. How much does Wizer cost?
Wizer is FREE for teachers. You may build, assign, share and use as many worksheets as you like for free.

2. How many worksheets can I make?
As many as you want! The use of the Wizer digital worksheet builder is unlimited. Make as many as you’d like. Please click to ‘share on gallery’ so that other Wizer teachers can see what you’ve created and use it with their students. Your influence is growing!

3. Can I use another teacher’s worksheet?
Yes. Wizer is a community of innovative teachers who create and share their digital lessons. Any worksheet on the public gallery can be used by simply clicking ‘Use’ or ‘Use this worksheet’. This duplicates the worksheet and puts the copy in your account. You can use it as-is or make some adjustments to fine tune it for your students.

4. What is the public gallery?
When teachers create a worksheet, they may chose to ‘publish on gallery’ to share it with other teachers. Any worksheet shared on the public gallery can be viewed by other teachers for inspiration or used with their students. To use a gallery worksheet, just click ‘Use’ or ‘Use this Worksheet.’

5. Does Wizer work on iPads and tablets?
Yes! Wizer worksheets can be completed on any iPad or tablet.

6. Does Wizer work on Chrome Books and laptops?
Yes. Any 1-to-1 device that is connected to the internet and has a web browser can be used to create and complete Wizer worksheets. The best browsers are Chrome and Safari.

7. How do I assign the Wizer worksheet to my students?
 
To assign a worksheet to students do the following:
When creating the worksheet, at the navigation on top click on 'Assign to students'.
On the window that opens you can create an assignment for each class. Each gets its own link & pin code so you can later review their answers separately for each class.

There are 3 ways for you to share it with the students (from left to right):
1. Use the Google Classroom link and follow Google's instructions.
2. Copy the link and simply share it with your students.
3. Instruct your students to go to this link: https://app.wizer.me/learn/ and enter the pin code.

8. How do students login, complete and submit Wizer worksheets?
1. Google Classroom: Click on link.
2. Link: Click on link, sign in using G+ or name/password
3. PIN: Go to https://app.wizer.me/learn/, enter PIN worksheet PIN. 

9. Can I use Wizer with Google Classroom?
Yes. Wizer is integrated with Google Classroom and Wizer worksheets can be assigned to students directly via the green Google Classroom link. The first time you assign a Wizer worksheet via Google Classroom you will be asked to confirm your connection with a few simple steps.

10. Can I use Wizer with Haiku?
Yes. If your school uses Haiku digital learning platform you can create or use Wizer worksheets, then copy the worksheet link into your classroom pages.

11. Can I use Wizer with Moodle?
Yes. If your school uses Moodle open source learning platform you can paste worksheet links directly into class assignments.

12. What kind of multimedia resources can I use in Wizer worksheets?
You can easily add video, audio and images to any Wizer worksheet. Images can be made interactive using the Fill on an Image question type.

13. What kinds of questions can I make with Wizer?
Wizer question types: Open answer, multiple choice, matching, fill in the blank, fill on an image and tables.



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Use Twitter "Moments" to Share School Events and Activities

By careertechtesting.blogspot.com
Published On :: Tue, 25 Oct 2016 18:54:00 +0000

Follow us! @CareerTechTest

Nearly a year after releasing its Moments curation feature, Twitter Moments is now available to users.

Twitter Moments are curated stories about what’s happening around the world—powered by Tweets.  Originally, a user could click on Moments on their profile page to find curated stories, i.e News, Entertainment, Sports, and Fun, in a typical news format.

But now, it’s easy to create your own story with Twitter Moments.  I think this is a great way to share school events and activities and it could also assist with classroom discussion, especially when dealing with current events.

Either watch the video by Richard Byrne of Free Technology for Teachers or follow the directions from Twitter below:


How to create a Moment

There are three ways to begin creating your own Moment. You can access Moments through the Moments tab, your profile page, or through a Tweet detail. To get started all you need is a title, description, Tweets, and a selected cover image.

From the Moments tab:
  1. From the Moments tab, click the Create new Moment button.
  2. Click the Title your Moment field to give your Moment a name.Note: Titles can be up to 75 characters in length.
  3. Click the Add a description field to type in a description for your Moment.Note: Descriptions can be up to 250 characters in length. 
  4. Choose Tweets to add to your Moment: 
    1. From the Add Tweets to your Moment section at the bottom of the page, quickly access content to select Tweets from Tweets I’ve liked, Tweets by account, Tweet link, and Tweet search prompts. 
    2. To add a Tweet to your Moment, click on the checkmark icon 
  5. Click Set cover to choose a cover image from one of your selected Tweets, or to upload an image from your computer. Drag your selected image to set a Mobile preview, click the Next button, then click the Save button.Note: To change your selected image, hover over the cover image and click on Change cover media. After you’ve set your cover media, the source will be credited below the image. 
  6. Once you have Tweets in your collection, click on the up  or down arrow buttons  to the right of a Tweet to move it up or down.
  7. Click on the delete button  to remove a Tweet from your Moment.
  8. Click on the crop button  next to any of your selected Tweets to make an image selection for mobile viewing.
  9. Click the Finish later button at the top of the page to save a draft.
  10. When you are ready to make your Moment live, click on the Publish button at the top of the page.
From a Tweet:
  1. Click the more button 
  2. Select New Moment to add the Tweet to a new Moment.Note: Any completed Moments or Moments drafts you have in progress will also be listed in the drop-down to choose from.
  3. Follow the directions above to complete your Moment.
From the Moments tab on your profile page:
  1. Click on the Moments tab, then click the Create new Moment button to get started.
  2. Follow the directions above to complete your Moment.
Note: Access all of your Moments (draft or published) by selecting Moments from your profile icon drop down menu.

More options while creating a Moment:
From the More menu at the top of the page:
  1. Click on ••• More while in draft mode.
    1. Select Choose mobile theme color if you’d like to apply one.
    2. Select Mark that Moment contains sensitive material if appropriate.
    3. Select Share Moment privately to copy and paste your Moment’s URL to share privately with others. Note: The Moment will only be visible to people who have the URL, it will not be visible on your profile page, or published on Twitter.
    4. Select Unpublish Moment to unpublish a Moment you have previously published. 
    5. Select Delete Moment to permanently remove the Moment from your profile and Twitter. Note: You will see a confirmation pop-up message to confirm the deletion.
After you’ve saved your Moment as a draft:
  • You can click on the Edit button under the Moment description to continue editing your Moment.
  • Click the Tweet button under the Moment description to share your Moment with your followers. Note: The Tweet compose box will pop up giving you an opportunity to edit or add to the auto-populated Moment title and link in the compose box.
  • Click on the more button  under the Moment description to send your Moment via Direct Message, and to view the copy and embed links to your Moment. Note: As you scroll through your saved or published Moment you will see a menu pop-up on the left hand side to conveniently Edit, Tweet, or Message your Moment.

Frequently asked questions

Can I make my Moments private?
When creating a Moment, you can select Share Moment privately, which will only make the Moment available to those who have the link. If you would like to make previously published or shared Moments visible to only you, select Unpublish Moment.

Can content in my Moment be reported?
Yes. Content displayed in a Moment, such as photos, videos, or Tweets can be reported. To learn about the various options for reporting components of a Moment, read our How to report violations article.

What happens if a Tweet I included in my Moment is reported?
If the cover or any of the individual Tweets of your Moment is reported to us and found to be in violation of the Twitter Rules, your account may be locked—even if you did not author the Tweet.


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Auxiliary DC power system used for fault detection, trip coils and remote operation

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 08:07:53 +0000

The auxiliary DC control power system is considered the most crucial element of a protection, control, and monitoring system. The failure of the direct current (DC) control power can result in the inability of fault detection devices to identify faults,... Read more

The post Auxiliary DC power system used for fault detection, trip coils and remote operation appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.


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How to measure power quality? What devices should you use and what to measure?

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 18 Jan 2021 06:46:53 +0000

Measuring power quality and finding a bugbear in the network which is messing with the power are considered a highly paid job. Every electrical network and its problems with harmonics, transients, or disturbances are unique and need careful planning, setting... Read more

The post How to measure power quality? What devices should you use and what to measure? appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.


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Six methods to control the flow of harmonic currents and decrease harmonic distortion limits

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 19 Jul 2021 06:37:34 +0000

The first technique to control harmonic-related problems in the industry involved substantial use of single-tuned filters to offer a low-impedance path to harmonic currents. Interestingly, it is not difficult to find harmonic-producing loads in the megavolt-ampere range in the industry... Read more

The post Six methods to control the flow of harmonic currents and decrease harmonic distortion limits appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.


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The magic that isolation transformer uses to suppress transients and noise

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Wed, 21 Jul 2021 07:25:00 +0000

Transformers are not perfect. Transients and noise (radio-frequency and low-level spikes) normally pass through transformers, not only by way of the magnetic lines of flux between the primary and the secondary windings but through resistive and capacitive paths between the... Read more

The post The magic that isolation transformer uses to suppress transients and noise appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.


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Practical design knowledge in harmonics distortion and power factor correction (PFC)

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 30 Aug 2021 06:42:26 +0000

Nowadays, if you do not consider harmonics distortion when designing a new network, you missed the whole point of the network design. Yes, really. The sooner you realize that harmonics problems are on the rise, the better. Modern power networks... Read more

The post Practical design knowledge in harmonics distortion and power factor correction (PFC) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.


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MV/HV switchgear (circuit breaker) switching capability and suitability for specific applications

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 26 Jul 2021 06:56:29 +0000

Circuit breakers (CBs) do interrupt fault currents and close onto faults. Besides, they could be used as isolation devices like disconnectors. The CBs manufacturers’ brochures and standards provide extensive data to select and assess the CBs performance, but designers must... Read more

The post MV/HV switchgear (circuit breaker) switching capability and suitability for specific applications appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.


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Design issues in HV busbar protection systems (substation topology and DC power supply)

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 27 Sep 2021 07:29:59 +0000

This technical article discusses criteria and requirements for designing protection systems for busbars in HV/EHV networks. One of the most critical requirements is reliable busbar relay protection to assure power system integrity during fault conditions. This requirement is further emphasized because... Read more

The post Design issues in HV busbar protection systems (substation topology and DC power supply) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.


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Tricks in designing and analyzing schematics and diagrams of high voltage substations

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 08 Aug 2022 05:51:54 +0000

High voltage power substations are complex networks of power and control connections, represented by design elements like- Single Line Diagrams, layout and block diagrams, schematics, logic diagrams, schedules, and so many more. Wiring diagrams and schematics, in a sense, are... Read more

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Good practice in the design of concrete and steel structures in power substations

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 26 Jun 2023 06:09:02 +0000

The process of designing a substation usually begins with the general substation layout, which is dependent on the required safety clearance and insulation withstand, as well as the permissible loads delivered to substation equipment and structures. The permissible loads, in... Read more

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Fundamental concepts of schematic drawings for true field engineers (hands on HV schemes)

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 11 Dec 2023 07:18:24 +0000

Schematic drawings, also known as electrical or circuit diagrams, are essential tools for understanding and designing electrical circuits. Mastering schematic drawing is a fundamental skill for field engineers, allowing them to effectively troubleshoot, maintain, and modify electrical schemes. This technical... Read more

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Fundamental concepts of schematic drawings: Going deeper into analysis and design intricacies

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 25 Dec 2023 08:03:30 +0000

Welcome to this comprehensive technical article that delves into the intricacies of electrical schematics, shedding light on crucial elements such as loops, wire connections, auxiliary contacts, MCBs, contactors, circuit breakers, isolators, earth switches, and terminal blocks. In the world of... Read more

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Mastering stability test of power transformer: Differential and Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 05:55:16 +0000

This technical article discusses the essentials of transformer differential protection and restricted earth fault protection schemes, contrasting the two and elaborating on why the latter is necessary. Furthermore, it reveals the outcomes of stability tests performed on a 502 MVA... Read more

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The loop electrical distribution system used to supply bulk loads (industrial plants and buildings)

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 06:36:54 +0000

First, let’s say a word or two about the essentials of power distribution systems for our young electrical engineers. An electric distribution system, or distribution plant as it is sometimes called, is all of that part of an electric power... Read more

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What steps should be taken to avoid choosing the incorrect current and voltage transformers?

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 18 Mar 2024 07:14:36 +0000

Electrical systems normally use current and voltage transformers for protection and measurement purposes. They represent the power system’s eyes and ears, and it’s essential to fully understand how they work, how to make the correct specification and most importantly, the... Read more

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Inside Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Panel: Configuration, Schematics and Troubleshooting

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 25 Jul 2022 04:11:18 +0000

Proper analysis of the VFD’s power and control circuit diagrams is essential for successful troubleshooting. But before starting any analysis, you must know how your system connected through VFD works and how it breathes. You must also know all components... Read more

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IEC 62271-200 – HV Switchgear And Controlgear

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Thu, 09 Dec 2010 13:00:22 +0000

Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV Switchgears are important nodal points in modern power distribution. Correspondingly important is their reliable functioning, a clearly defined switching behavior... Read more

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Protection Relay – ANSI Standards

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Tue, 22 Feb 2011 05:27:12 +0000

In the design of electrical power systems, the ANSI Standard Device Numbers denote what features a protective device supports (such as a relay or circuit breaker). These types of devices protect electrical systems and components from damage when an unwanted... Read more

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UK Electrical Industry British Standards (BS)

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:24:21 +0000

These standards are the whole of the prescriptions on the basis of which machines, apparatus, materials and the installations should be designed, manufactured and tested so that efficiency and function safety are ensured – and all according to the UK Electrical... Read more

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Solar Panels and Feed-in Tariffs – The Intricacies of Solar Power

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Mon, 25 Jul 2011 05:33:10 +0000

At its most basic, Solar Power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity; either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use a combination of lenses/mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area... Read more

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Want to live and use energy on Mars? Why not?

By electrical-engineering-portal.com
Published On :: Sat, 17 Sep 2011 11:36:31 +0000

The problem of energy accessibility and production on Mars is one of the three main challenges for the upcoming colonisation of the red planet. The energetic potential on its turn is mainly dependent on the astrophysical characteristics of the planet.... Read more

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