A memory device includes a first string and a second string. The first string includes first and second transistors and first cell transistors coupled in series between a source line and a bit line. The second string includes third and fourth transistors and second cell transistors coupled in series between the source line and the bit line. During a read, a gate of the fourth transistor is applied with a voltage to turn off the transistor, and after start of application of voltages to the first cell transistors, the gate of the fourth transistor is applied with a voltage substantially the same as a voltage applied to the source line.

A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device includes: first programming a target transistor of a cell string of the nonvolatile memory device, wherein the target transistor has a first threshold voltage distribution after the first programming, and wherein the cell string includes a plurality of transistors; and second programming the target transistor of the cell string, wherein the first transistor has a second threshold voltage distribution after the second programming, wherein a width of the second threshold voltage distribution is less than a width of the first threshold voltage distribution.

According to one embodiment, a first well of the first conductivity type which is formed in a substrate. a second well of a second conductivity type which is formed in the first well. The plurality of memory cells, the plurality of first bit line select transistors, and the plurality of second bit line select transistors are formed in the second well, and the plurality of first bit line select transistors and the plurality of second bit line select transistors are arranged on a side of the sense amplifier with respect to the plurality of memory cells of the plurality of bit lines.

A strobe signal shaping method for a data storage system includes receiving a strobe signal; boosting a first clock edge portion of the strobe signal when the strobe signal is received after having been idle or paused over a predetermined time period; and returning to an operating mode in which boosting is turned off with respect to a second clock edge portion of the strobe signal.

According to one embodiment, a semiconductor storage device includes a memory cell array having memory cell capable of holding N-bit data; and a sense amplifier comprising a first latch holding information on a threshold distribution, a second latch holding write data, and a third latch holding lower information of the N-bit data, and supplying a first to a fourth voltages to the memory cell to write the data to the memory cell using the first to fourth voltages. The sense amplifier supplies the first to third voltages to the memory cell based on information in the second and the third latches, and based on a result of transfer of the information held by the first latch to the second latch, supplies the fourth voltage or the first voltage to the memory cell.

According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes: first to third pages; first to third word line; and row decoder. In data writing, data is written into the first page before data is written into the second page. The row decoder is configured to apply first to third verify voltages to the gates of the first to third memory cells in a program verify operation.

A memory system may include a memory device including 0th to N-1th memory blocks, wherein N is a positive integer; and a controller having a first list and a second list, wherein the first list includes 0th to N-1th erase count values respectively for the 0th to N-1th memory blocks, wherein the second list includes 0th to N-1th difference values respectively for the 0th to N-1th memory blocks, wherein each of the 0th to N-1th difference values is a difference between an average value of the 0th to N-1th erase count values and each of the 0th to N-1th erase count values, wherein the controller selects a source block and a target block among the 0th to N-1th memory blocks depending on the 0th to N-th erase count values included in the first list and the 0th to N-1th difference values included in the second list to perform a wear leveling between the source block and the target block.

A array of electrically programmable fuse (eFuse) units includes at least one connecting switch connecting two adjacent eFuse units. Each eFuse unit includes an eFuse, a write switch for passing through a first portion of a write current, a read/write switch for passing through a second portion of the write current or a read current, and a common node. The eFuse, the write switch, the read/write switch, and the at least one connecting switch are connected to each other at the common node. By turning on and off the at least one connecting switch, the current is split among the eFuse units, so that the size of the write switch can be reduced, thus reducing the total area of the array.

Semiconductor memory devices are provided. The semiconductor memory device includes an input/output (I/O) drive controller, a data I/O unit and a data transmitter. The input/output (I/O) drive controller generates drive control signals and an input control signal for driving first and second global I/O lines in a first test mode or a second test mode. The data I/O unit drives the first global I/O line in response to an input data when a write operation is executed in the first test mode and to drive the first and second global I/O lines in response to the drive control signals when the write operation is executed in the second test mode. The data transmitter transfers the data on the first global I/O line onto first and second local I/O lines to store the data on the first global I/O line in a memory cell array portion when the write operation is executed in the first test mode. The data transmitter also transfers the data on the first and second global I/O lines onto the first and second local I/O lines to store the data on the first and second global I/O lines in the memory cell array portion when the write operation is executed in the second test mode. Related methods are also provided.

An integrated circuit may include nonvolatile memory suitable for outputting stored data during the boot-up operation, one or more registers suitable for receiving the data output by the nonvolatile memory and storing the received data when the boot-up operation is performed, and one or more internal circuits suitable for operating using the data stored in the one or more registers. In no-update mode, although the boot-up operation is performed, a data update from the nonvolatile memory to the registers may not be performed.

Provided is a semiconductor device capable of holding data for a long period. The semiconductor device includes first to third transistors, a capacitor, and a circuit. The third transistor includes a first gate and a second gate. A gate of the first transistor is electrically connected to a first terminal of the capacitor. A first terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to the second gate. A second terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to the circuit. A gate of second transistor is electrically connected to a first terminal of the second transistor. A first terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to the second gate. A second terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to a first terminal of the capacitor. The circuit is configured to generate a negative potential. A channel formation region of the first transistor preferably includes an oxide semiconductor.

A method for fabricating a semiconductor device and a method for operating the semiconductor device are provided. The method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a first electrode layer; forming a material layer, including conductive path components, over the first electrode layer; forming a second electrode layer over the material layer; performing a forming operation, which includes initially creating, in the material layer, a conductive path that electrically connects the first electrode layer to the second electrode layer by applying one of a predetermined voltage and a predetermined current between the first and second electrode layers, the conductive path including the conductive path components; and performing a first heat-treatment process at a predetermined temperature that removes some of the conductive path components from the conductive path, wherein a resistance state of the material layer changes based on the creation or dissolution of the conductive paths.

An apparatus for assigning a plurality of access nodes of a wireless communication network to control areas includes a processing apparatus. The processing apparatus is configured to assign each access node in the plurality of access nodes to a control area of a plurality of control areas and to determine a first control phase. The first control phase is a period of time during which the assignment of access nodes to control areas remains constant. The processing apparatus is configured to, when changing from the first control phase to a following second control phase, reassign at least a subset of access nodes which were assigned during the first control phase to a first control area to a second control area and reassign at least a subset of access nodes which were assigned during the first control phase to a third control area to the first control area.

A method for transmitting uplink (UL) data requiring low latency in a wireless communication system according to the present invention, the method performed by a user equipment comprises transmitting contention PUSCH resource block (CPRB) indication information used for identifying a particular UE and/or particular data to an eNB; transmitting UL data to the eNB through CPRB resources of a contention based PUSCH (CP) zone; and receiving a hybrid automatic retransmit request (HARQ) response with respect to the UL data from the eNB through a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH).

Methods and apparatus for multiple user uplink are provided. In one aspect, method for wireless communication includes receiving an assignment of a frequency bandwidth for an uplink transmission of a station. The method further includes determining whether a portion of the assigned frequency bandwidth is unavailable for the uplink transmission. The method further includes selectively transmitting the uplink transmission based on whether the portion of the assigned frequency bandwidth is unavailable.

A VDC resource request method, user equipment, and a base station, where the VDC resource request method includes sending, by user equipment, a VDC resource request message to a base station when the user equipment needs to request a VDC resource for sending vehicle service information, where the VDC resource request message includes at least one piece of the following information: a VDC resource status list, or travel information of the user equipment, and an available VDC resource is indicated in the VDC resource status list, receiving a VDC resource allocation indication message from the base station, and sending the vehicle service information by using the VDC resource indicated by the VDC resource allocation indication message.

In a communications system which complies with LTE including a base station which transmits data by using an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) method as a downlink access method, and a mobile terminal, in a case in which an uplink scheduling request signal is transmitted by using an S-RACH when an Ack/Nack signal is being transmitted by using an Ack/Nack exclusive channel, the transmission of the Ack/Nack signal is stopped while the uplink scheduling request signal is transmitted.

Various communication systems may benefit from managing signal interference. For example, certain wireless communication systems may benefit from a dynamic time division duplex system involving slot allocation. A method includes allocating, by an access point, in a time division duplex frame a plurality of radio resource slots, each one of the plurality of radio resource slots being allocated for a downlink or an uplink transmission, and determining that the allocation of the downlink or uplink transmission should be changed. The method also includes applying a permutation pattern to re-allocate at least one of the plurality of radio resource slots for the downlink or uplink transmission.

A first communication device and method therein for transmitting data information at fixed time instants on a radio channel to a second communication device in a radio communications network. First, the first communication device determines that the radio channel is available for transmitting data information to the second communication device during a time period determined by the first communication device. Then, the first communication device transmits a preamble on the available radio channel after the time period. The first communication device thereafter transmits the data information on the available radio channel to the second communication device at a next fixed time instant following the transmission of the preamble.

A time-reversal wireless system comprising a first wireless transceiver of a time-reversal client, one or more second wireless transceiver and/or a time-reversal client with the first wireless transceiver. The first wireless transceiver of the time-reversal client is wirelessly coupled to the one or more second wireless transceiver through a wireless broadband multipath channel associated with a space. The time-reversal client contains the first wireless transceiver. The time-reversal client also contains a processor and a memory configured to obtain a set of channel state information (CSI) in a channel probing phase, and/or to obtain a set of location-specific signatures based on the set of CSI and/or a time reversal operation in a channel probing phase. The set of CSI is captured when one or more probing signal is sent either from the first wireless transceiver to each of the at least one second wireless transceiver, or from each of the at least one second wireless transceiver to the first wireless transceiver, through the wireless broadband multipath channel associated with the space. A channel passband with bandwidth W0 is associated with the wireless broadband multipath channel. A first passband with bandwidth W1 is associated with the first wireless transceiver. The W1 is not larger than W0 such that the first passband is part of the channel passband. One or more second passband is associated with the one or more second wireless transceiver such that a bandwidth W2 associated with each of the one or more second passband is not larger than W1 such that the each of the one or more second passband is part of the first passband. Each of the set of CSI include a channel impulse response, a channel frequency response, and/or another channel state data of the wireless broadband multipath channel.

A data transmission apparatus in a communication system includes a reception unit configured to receive terminal information from a plurality of terminals through a new frequency band for transmission and reception of data between the plurality of terminals and an AP (access point); a determination unit configured to determine access timing of the terminals to the AP by using the terminal information, and generate terminal access information including information on the access timing; and a transmission unit configured to transmit the terminal access information and beacon frames to the terminals, wherein the terminals access the AP and transmit data frames to the AP, at the access timing based on the beacon frames.

Disclosed are a method for transmitting and receiving a frame in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system and an apparatus for the same. A method for generating interference/non-interference station lists includes receiving a first frame from a second station, acquiring a receiver address of the first frame from the first frame, and setting, based on whether to receive a second frame that is a response to the first frame from a third station indicated by the receiver address within a preset time from a time when the first frame has been received, the third station as an interference station or a non-interference station. Therefore, the performance of a communication system may be improved.

This disclosure describes methods, devices, and systems related to an OFDMA Distributed Channel Access. Devices are disclosed comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory that stores computer-executable instructions, wherein the at least one processor is configured to access the at least one memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to identify a trigger frame received on the communication channel from the computing device. The at least one processor may determine an uplink frame to be sent to a computing device on a communication channel. The at least one processor may identify one or more random access resource allocations, wherein the one or more random access resource allocations are associated with the trigger frame. The at least one processor may assign a respective numerical value to each of the one or more random access resource allocations. The at least one processor may also select a numerical value based at least in part on a probability distribution. The at least one processor may also determine a particular resource allocation of the one or more random access resource allocations that corresponds to the numerical value. The at least one processor may also cause the uplink frame to be sent to the computing device using the particular resource allocation.

A system, apparatus and method is disclosed for multiband wireless communication. Frequency bands and/or transmission formats are identified as available within a range for wireless communication. The system evaluates signal quality metrics for each frequency band and selects a communication method based on the evaluation. Multiple frequency bands and communication methods can be utilized by the system such that a combination of licensed, unlicensed, semilicensed, and overlapped frequency bands can be simultaneously used for communication. The system monitors communications and can report link performance for adaptive control of the selected communication methods.

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for generating a codeword, and a method and an apparatus for recovering a codeword. An encoder calculates the number of punctured symbol nodes among symbol nodes included in a codeword, punctures symbol nodes located at even or odd number positions among the symbol nodes included in the codeword, calculates the number of symbol nodes which need to be additionally punctured on the basis of the calculated number of the symbol nodes to be punctured, classifies the symbol nodes, which need to be additionally punctured, into one or more punctured node groups on the basis of the calculated number of symbol nodes which need to be punctured, determines the locations on the codeword where the one or more punctured node groups are to be arranged, and punctures the symbol nodes included in the codeword which belong to the punctured node groups according to the determined locations. A transmission unit transmits the codeword.

An apparatus, system and method are provided for transmitting data from logical channel queues over a telecommunications link, each of the logical channel queues capable of being associated with quality of service attributes, the method including determining available resources for transmission over the telecommunications link in a frame; selecting one of the logical channel queues based on a first one of the quality of service attributes; packaging data from the selected one of the logical channel queues until one of: a second one of the quality of service attributes for the selected one of the logical channel queues is satisfied, the available resources are used, or the selected one of the logical channel queues is empty; and repeating the selecting step and the packaging step for remaining ones of the logical channel queues.

The present disclosure provides an auxiliary communication method and system, a device having base station function and a terminal. The auxiliary communication method includes: determining whether it is needed to provide auxiliary communication for any terminal according to channel quality of communication channels with the any terminal and data transmission requirement of the any terminal; selecting a specified terminal which is connected to the device having the base station function as an auxiliary terminal for assisting communication of the any terminal, when it is determined that it is needed to provide auxiliary communication for the any terminal; communicating with the any terminal through the auxiliary terminal. The present disclosure enables accurately to determine the terminal assisted in communication. Wasting communication sources and blind assistance are avoided. And higher channel quality of the terminal between the terminal and the base station and higher data transmission rate can be ensured.

In one embodiment, a server of a first wireless communication network receives a wireless communication originated by a terminal of the first wireless communication network, the wireless communication containing a current geographic location of the terminal as determined by the terminal. The server may then determine acceptable communication parameters for the terminal to communicate on the first wireless communication network, e.g., based on preventing transmission by the terminal that might interfere with operation of one or more unintended receivers. The server then generates an instruction message for the terminal based on the acceptable communication parameters, and transmits the instruction message toward the terminal to cause the terminal to only continue transmitting according to acceptable communication parameters.

A technology is disclosed for an evolved Node B (eNB). The eNB can determine a set of configuration indication fields numbered 1 to N, included in a downlink control information (DCI) format Y carried on the PDCCH, where N=⌊LformatYM⌋, Lformat Y is equal to a payload size of the DCI format Y, and M is a number of bits of each indication field. The eNB can map the DCI format Y onto the PDCCH. The eNB can encode for transmission from to the UE the PDCCH with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by an enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eIMTA) Radio-Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) for the UE.

A system that incorporates the subject disclosure may perform, for example, a method for detecting signal interference in a first segment of a plurality of segments of a radio frequency spectrum of a wireless communication system, determining according to the signal interference a measure of quality of service of the first segment for transmitting voice traffic, comparing the measure of quality of service to a desired measure of quality of service measure for voice traffic, determining from the comparison that the first segment is not suitable for voice traffic, and notifying a system that the first segment is not suitable for voice traffic. Other embodiments are disclosed.

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and a method for determining a resource for device-to-device communication by a user equipment is disclosed. A method for determining a resource for device-to-device communication according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise the steps of: receiving, from an eNode B (eNB), configuration information related to a resource pool configured for each level; selecting the resource pool of the device-to-device communication on the basis of the configuration information; and selecting a resource for the device-to-device communication in the resource pool. Herein, the resource pool may be configured to have two or more levels.

In one embodiment, a device of a first wireless communication network determines a link budget from a terminal in the first communication network to an unintended receiver for a communication from the terminal to an intended receiver in the first wireless communication network, based on the communication being configured with initial communication parameters. The device also determines whether one or more adjusted communication parameters would result in reducing a received power at the unintended receiver being below a link budget threshold, while still satisfying a receive sensitivity of the intended receiver. If so, the device causes the terminal to transmit the communication using the adjusted communication parameters. In one embodiment, the device is the terminal, and causing comprises transmitting as the terminal. In another embodiment, the device is a server of the first communication network, and causing comprises instructing the terminal to transmit the communication using the adjusted communication parameters.

An electronic device modifies a schedule of communication frequencies (such as an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access schedule) by changing the times when subcarriers are used for communication with a set of electronic devices in order to cluster subsets of the set of electronic devices. This clustering may leave the throughput associated with the communication at least approximately unchanged. Then, the electronic device selects, for the subsets, transmit antenna radiation patterns and receive antenna radiation patterns in order to increase the throughputs during transmission and/or receiving.

A time-division mechanism that a source station uses a proprietary frame for notifying switching from a normal bandwidth operation to a narrow bandwidth operation to at least one destination station in a wireless communication system, and uses a protection frame to reserve the service period for the narrow bandwidth operation without the interference from the normal bandwidth operation, wherein the service period of the narrow bandwidth operation is indicated in the protection frame.

A method and a radio network node for scheduling wireless devices. The node assigns, to each wireless device, a D2D pair out of the D2D pairs based on spatial compatibilities for each of the D2D pairs with respect to each wireless device. The node estimates, for each wireless device and the assigned D2D pair, a first respective throughput for cellular communication and D2D communication, and estimates, for each wireless device, a second respective throughput for only cellular communication. The node schedules one or more of the wireless devices of the cellular network based on the first and second respective throughputs. Each of the wireless devices is scheduled for cellular communication together with the D2D communication of the assigned D2D pair when the first respective throughput exceeds the second respective throughput, or for only cellular communication when the first respective throughput is below the second respective throughput.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a wireless access point, including: a first radio frequency module, a second radio frequency module, and a processor. A frequency band of the first radio frequency module is the same as that of the second radio frequency module; the first radio frequency module and the second radio frequency module work on different channels; a first transmit power upper limit of the first radio frequency module is greater than a second transmit power upper limit of the second radio frequency module; and the processor is configured to schedule a terminal whose signal strength is greater than a threshold to associate with the wireless access point by using the second radio frequency module. The complexity of hardware design for integrating two radio frequency modules of a same frequency band into one AP may be reduced.

A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a system information block (SIB) associated with proximity related localized applications broadcasted by an eNodeB. The WTRU may receive in response to sent location information, a proximity detection associated with another WTRU associated with the proximity related localized application. The transceiver may also receive scheduling information for a proximity related localized application and for other applications where a first radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) is for scheduling information for the proximity related localized application and a second RNTI is for scheduling information for the other applications.

A technique for emulating virtual port control of airtime fairness for wireless stations using per station Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameters. Specific parameters are received for each of a plurality of stations connected to the access point. An EDCA field of a beacon that stores a general EDCA parameter is set to an empty state. The beacon is broadcast to a plurality stations on the wireless communication network and within range of an access point. The beacon comprises a BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier) for use by the plurality of stations to connect with the access point for access to the wireless communication network. The beacon also comprises an empty EDCA field. In response to broadcasting the empty EDCA parameter, receiving a direct inquiry from each of the plurality of stations for the general EDCA parameter. Each of the plurality of stations is responded to with a direct communication of a specific parameter corresponding to each station. A transmission is received from at least one of the stations complying with the specific parameter.

The disclosure relates in some aspects to resource requirement signaling and rate setting for communication on an unlicensed band. The disclosure also relates in some aspects to determining a token arrival rate as a function of traffic arrival information. In some aspects, the disclosed schemes may avoid traffic collisions on a resource and promote access fairness on the resource.

A method, in a network node, for managing a wireless device is disclosed. The method comprises conducting spectrum opportunity detection within a spectrum band and indicating a result of the spectrum opportunity detection to the wireless device. For the purposes of the method, a spectrum opportunity comprises a channel within the spectrum band which is at least temporarily available for use by the wireless device. Also disclosed is a method in a wireless device in a network. The method comprises detecting an indication of a result of spectrum opportunity detection conducted by a network node within a spectrum band and if the indication indicates a detected spectrum opportunity, conducting one of a transmission or reception operation on the detected spectrum opportunity. Also disclosed are a computer program product for carrying out the above methods, a network node and a wireless device.

A method and network node for adaptation of contention windows in a multicarrier wireless communication system implementing a listen-before-talk protocol are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method includes determining at least one component carrier (CC), of multiple CCs to serve as a backoff channel. The method further includes performing a listen-before-talk procedure on the at least one CC serving as a backoff channel. The listen-before-talk procedure includes sensing for each backoff channel whether a clear channel exists during a backoff period drawn from a contention window (CW). The LBT procedure also includes deferring transmitting on a CC for which the sensing does not indicate that a clear channel exists. The LBT procedure also includes transmitting on a CC for which the sensing indicates a clear channel exists. The method also includes determining a size of the CW based on at least one transmission feedback value.

According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes an electromagnetic wave emitter, a wireless communication circuitry and a hardware processor. The electromagnetic wave emitter emits a first electromagnetic wave. The wireless communication circuitry communicates with another electronic apparatus according to a first standard, using a second electromagnetic wave. The first electromagnetic wave can be noise for a communication by the wireless communication circuitry. The hardware processor determines a period to be allowed to communicate with the another electronic apparatus according to the first standard. The electromagnetic wave emitter emits the first electromagnetic wave during the first period.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a device for communication according to a specific communication protocol is provided. The communication device includes a processor for generating and processing frames based on frame formats defined by the communication protocol. The processor generates a beacon frame so that information on a collision avoidance scheme supported by the device of a plurality kinds of information specified based on the communication protocol is omitted. Further, the processor processes a connection request frame transmitted from other device to extract information on a collision avoidance scheme supported by the other device, and controls communication with the other device based on comparison of the extracted information on the collision avoidance scheme with the information on the collision avoidance scheme supported by the device.

According to one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes: a receiver that configured to receives a first frame; and a transmitter that configured to transmits a second frame including a first identifier and acknowledgement information on the first frame, the first identifier being extracted from a predetermined field of the first frame and being different from a source address of the first frame.

The sensing method a first vehicle user equipment (UE) for collision avoidance in a wireless communication network comprises receiving a set of scheduling assignment (SA) information allocated to a set of second vehicle UEs, decoding the set of SA information, each of which includes SA information to each of the set of second vehicle UEs, performing energy sensing operation for resources to be used by each of the set of second vehicle UEs to determine additional potential SA transmission and data transmission from the set of second vehicle UEs over the resources, determining available resources for the data transmission from the first vehicle UE based on the performed energy sensing and SA sensing, skipping a channel sensing operation on at least one subframe that is used for the data transmission from the first vehicle UE, and transmitting data among resources identified as unused in next transmissions from second vehicle UEs.

A user apparatus in a communication system including a first base station and a second base station that perform communication with the user apparatus by inter-base station carrier aggregation, including: a maximum transmission power holding unit configured to hold a maximum transmission power that is configured beforehand for the first base station; a transmission power determination unit configured to determine whether a transmission power that is used by the user apparatus for performing signal transmission to the first base station reaches the maximum transmission power held by the maximum transmission power holding unit; and a transmission control unit configured, when it is determined that the transmission power reaches the maximum transmission power by the transmission power determination unit, to stop signal transmission to the second base station.

Provided is a method of assigning a slot, the method including transmitting an assignment request for at least one slot of a first frame to a terminal, determining whether an acknowledgement (ACK) of the assignment request is received from the terminal, in a slot corresponding to the at least one slot in a second frame which is a subsequent frame of the first frame, and determining whether the at least one slot for which the assignment request is transmitted has been assigned based on whether the ACK of the assignment request is received.

A method includes: monitoring a plurality of wireless working frequency bands supported by a smart terminal; when a Peer to Peer (P2P) data packet is received at any of the wireless working frequency bands, analyzing the P2P data packet and obtaining device information of a smart device; and establishing a wireless connection with the smart device at the wireless working frequency band according to the device information.

This application provides a data transmission link establishment apparatus. The apparatus includes: a selection unit, configured to select a target node; a determining unit, configured to determine a backhaul node that needs to establish a data transmission link with the target node selected by the selection unit; a setting unit, configured to set protocol stack roles, in the data transmission link, of the target node and the backhaul node that is determined by the determining unit; and a configuration unit, configured to perform configuration on the target node and the backhaul node according to the protocol stack roles that are set by the setting unit, to establish the data transmission link between the target node and the backhaul node.

Technologies for streaming device role reversal include a source computing device and a destination computing device coupled via a communication channel. The source computing device and destination computing device are each configured to support role reversal. In other words, the source computing device and the destination computing device are each capable of switching between receiving and transmitting digital media content over the established communication channel. The source computing device is configured to initiate the role reversal, pause transmit functionality of the source computing device, and enable receive functionality of the source computing device. The destination computing device is configured to receive a role reversal indication from the source computing device, locally process the content, transmit a content stream to the source computing device, and display the content stream on an output device of the source computing device. Other embodiments are described and claimed herein.