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Parallel switching occurs when two or more circuit-breakers are tripped to interrupt a shared fault current. This is typically the case for such bus arrangements as a double breaker, breaker-and-a-half, breaker-and-a-third, and ring buses. Ideally, all of the circuit-breakers should... Read more

The post Parallel switching phenomenon when MV/HV circuit breakers interrupt a shared fault current appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Circuit breakers (CBs) do interrupt fault currents and close onto faults. Besides, they could be used as isolation devices like disconnectors. The CBs manufacturers’ brochures and standards provide extensive data to select and assess the CBs performance, but designers must... Read more

The post MV/HV switchgear (circuit breaker) switching capability and suitability for specific applications appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This technical article we will go through a number of existing applications for conducting a wide range of electrical studies. However, the practice says that studies involving load flow and fault analyses are the most commonly utilized programs in power transmission... Read more

The post Eleven most important calculations you can perform with power system analysis software appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This technical article discusses the essentials of transformer differential protection and restricted earth fault protection schemes, contrasting the two and elaborating on why the latter is necessary. Furthermore, it reveals the outcomes of stability tests performed on a 502 MVA... Read more

The post Mastering stability test of power transformer: Differential and Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV Switchgears are important nodal points in modern power distribution. Correspondingly important is their reliable functioning, a clearly defined switching behavior... Read more

The post IEC 62271-200 – HV Switchgear And Controlgear appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

These standards are the whole of the prescriptions on the basis of which machines, apparatus, materials and the installations should be designed, manufactured and tested so that efficiency and function safety are ensured – and all according to the UK Electrical... Read more

The post UK Electrical Industry British Standards (BS) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Cogeneration is combined generation of heat and electricity. The advantage of cogeneration is that it enables the heat released by electricity generation to be used. The most well-known form of cogeneration is an electricity generator powered by an internal combustion... Read more

The post Energy Efficency In Hospitals – Cogeneration (6) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Flexibility, utilisation value and energy saving are the three main requirements for utility buildings (administration, office and public buildings, schools, hospitals, etc.). Apart from recouping investment costs, so-called life-cycle costs are also becoming increasingly important. These are made up of... Read more

The post Potential Energy Savings In Utility Buildings Using EIB appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Efficiencies of fan systems vary considerably across impeller types. The average energy saving potential in these systems in the U.S. manufacturing industry is estimated at 6%. For optimal savings and performance, it is recommended that a systems approach is used.... Read more

The post Six energy efficiency improvement opportunities in fan systems appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Instrumentation consumes large amounts of compressed air at many individual locations in a textile plant, but these uses are susceptible to leakage. Most such leaks are at threaded connection points, rubber hose connections, valves, regulators, seals, and in old pneumatic... Read more

The post Eleven energy-efficiency improvement opportunities in compressed air systems appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

“Solar energy is free, but it’s not cheap” best sums up the major hurdle for the solar industry. There are no technical obstacles per se to developing solar energy systems, even at the utility megaWatt level (e.g., 14 MW utility... Read more

The post Solar energy is free, but what does it really cost? appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

In order to understand a photovoltaic (PV) installation and its components we must be familiar with the following terms: Standard Test Conditions (STC) PV modules PV string and Array The output of a PV module is not stable it depends... Read more

The post 3 Photovoltaic Installation Terms To Be Familiar With appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

A dizzying array of new energy technologies are reaching or nearing the marketplace. Newer choices to generate electricity include fuel cells, wind turbines, solar cells and microturbines. Energy storage is approaching practicality, for example through reversible fuel cells and flywheels.... Read more

The post In Front Of The Third Electrical Systems Revolution in United States appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The smart network will set up a virtuous cycle for distributed generators and energy storage devices. It will grow the market by opening up more niches where distributed energy is economically competitive. This growth will lead to economies of scale... Read more

The post Driving Distributed Energy with Smart Networks appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

For the last several decades, every engineering task related to processing control is realized by the use of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). If we are talking about induction motor control, which is the most common case, usually a VFD (Variable... Read more

The post Learn how to use PLC and VFD for pump control: Power and control circuits analysis appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

In his strangely affecting, minimalist rock paean "We Are All Teenagers," Fite sketches out a spare electric riff with a reverb-y '50s rock air as he nails the adolescent unease that lingers into adulthood.

In few words, "Be Good" profiles two people who love and trust each other deeply, who share their dreams and secret shames, but who would rather shotgun beers together than make out.

In "That Time Is Gone," guitarist, part-time lead vocalist and pop-music legend Peter Holsapple lays bare the anxiety of re-assembling an act that was never much more than a cult phenomenon.

Soul music is rooted in gritty perseverance, so pairing up stalwarts Bettye LaVette and Charles Walker works on so many levels, it's a miracle it hasn't happened until now. "Yours and Mine" is an exhilarating affirmation of the power to prevail.

Here comes the New Year! As 2019 is coming to an end, it is time to take a glimpse at what was, but more importantly to look forward to what is yet to come. We all had some ups and... Read more

The post It’s time to go further. Engineers, Happy New Year 2020! appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Here we are at the conclusion of 2022, a year that was very stressful for all of us. There are many aspects about this year that will be remembered, but, in my opinion, the same as it was for 2021,... Read more

The post Well engineers, it’s about time… Pull the switch and enter the 2023! appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) are used on higher voltage levels, starting from 66 kV and upwards. The type of the CVT is always a single-pole one, thus the connection is between phase and earth. The higher the voltage level is,... Read more

The post Capacitive Voltage Transformers (CVT) For HV Measurements appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Riders will be able to use their phones as tickets on both Metro-North Railroad and Long Island Rail Road NEW YORK – April 30th, 2014 – Masabi, the leader in mobile ticketing and payments for transit, today announced that New York’s Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) has selected the company to […]

The post Masabi to Launch Mobile Ticketing with New York’s MTA appeared first on Masabi.

Most compensation banks are controlled stepwise. For this purpose it is essential to ‘know’ when it is allowed to (de)activate a capacitor step by the power factor relay (controller). The so-called C/k value is calculated by the step size C... Read more

The post How To Control Reactive Power In Larger Electrical Plants With Multiple Incomers appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The purpose of a capacitor bank’s protective control is to remove the bank from service before any units or any of the elements that make up a capacitor unit are exposed to more than 110% of their voltage rating. When... Read more

The post How to control and protect capacitor banks before something goes wrong appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This approach assumes retrofitting and upgrading old substation secondary equipment such as intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), monitoring sensors, power apparatus, communication protocol and operating standards to improve the overall performance or reduce cost without disrupting the continuity of service. For... Read more

The post Secondary equipment you should always consider when retrofitting existing HV substation appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Things are changing fast, really fast. Technology we used a few years ago is now obsolete, and if you take a look for a second – it’s always about power availability, efficiency, and safety. This technical article deals with Schneider... Read more

The post Isolation power solutions for ultimate power availability, efficiency and safety in hospitals appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This article provides guidance on how to conduct gas monitoring and explains the various alerts that can be set. The many sorts of defects that might lead to partial discharges are discussed, and various partial discharge measuring techniques are described,... Read more

The post SF6 Gas Monitoring and Alarming Practices in Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Systems appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Acquiring the skill to operate a nuclear reactor bears resemblance to acquiring the skill to pilot an aircraft. The majority of airplane pilots rapidly acquire proficiency in performing take-offs and landings. The process that requires significant time and exertion, particularly... Read more

The post What can go wrong with the nuclear power plant in the case of a grid loss: What to do? appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The Substation Automation Systems, often known as SASs, are responsible for a tremendous variety of tasks. These include some extremely important actions, such as clearing faults in a timely manner in order to maintain the physical condition of power system... Read more

The post The true art of control, monitoring and protection provided by Substation Automation Systems appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

I have English Teacher X's obra prima to read next and have enjoyed the other ebooks - they include a lot of sensible and realistic advice - but I didn't enjoy Speaking Activities that Don't Suck as much.

This technical article aims to delve into various aspects of electrical connectivity, symbol representation, and isolation methodologies, shedding light on fundamental concepts and practical applications within the field. From the intricacies of electrical connection and circuit topology to the symbolism... Read more

The post Mastering Electrical Connectivity: From Circuit Topology to Switching Classifications appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Every nation has numerous vital facilities that are largely dependent on electricity to function. Infrastructures that are critical to a quick response to outages include the public health system, the communications sector, and government services like emergency first responders. Nonetheless,... Read more

The post How (should) power utilities handle grid failures by utilizing mobile substations appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This article aims to cover the activity of electrical commissioning. Such a task in its entirety would be immense. Commissioning can mean many things in different instances. This article aims to give a philosophical and high level conceptual overview of... Read more

The post The Challenging Job of an Electrical Commissioning Engineer (Activities and Real World Examples) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The objective of the site inspection and test plan for testing and commissioning is to establish a comprehensive framework for conducting site testing and commissioning activities. It’s as simple as that! The site testing and commissioning of a transmission or... Read more

The post Dos and don’ts in site testing and commissioning distribution and transmission plants appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This technical article will try to shed some light on the main and auxiliary circuit diagrams of switching three-phase motors via contactor and switching directly. We’ll cover some fundamental schematics with an old-school explanations and logics on how they work.... Read more

The post Main and auxiliary circuit diagrams of switching three-phase motors via contactor and directly appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This technical article is dedicated to the main and auxiliary circuit diagrams of switching three-phase motors. We’ll now discuss a little more complicated schematics than the previous article. We’ll cover seven schematics of switching pole-changing three-phase induction motors with one... Read more

The post Main and auxiliary circuit diagrams of switching pole-changing three-phase motors appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

When reactive power devices, whether capacitive or inductive, are purposefully added to a power network in order to produce a specific outcome, this is referred to as compensation. It’s as simple as that. This could involve greater transmission capacity, enhanced... Read more

The post Do you know what reactive power compensation is? If not, keep reading, it’s important. appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Nowadays, the enormous energy consumption worldwide has taken a downturn due to the hiking energy prices. Whether it’s gas, oil, or coal, the rising costs forced many facilities worldwide to cut their energy expenses. This is a good moment to... Read more

The post How should facilities optimize their power consumption due to the hiking energy prices? appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Since the subject of this article is somewhat not-that-easy to understand, I suggest starting with the basics of the synchronous motor. In the synchronous motor, the basic magnetic field is obtained by direct current excitation rather than through the air... Read more

The post The art of achieving synchronous motor transient stability (especially in weak grids) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

In the domain of electrical engineering, seal-in contacts stand as pivotal components in control circuits, ensuring the sustained operation of electrical devices beyond the initial activation. These mechanisms play a critical role in maintaining the energized state of circuit elements,... Read more

The post Mastering schematic drawings: Analyzing seal-in contacts in motor control circuits appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

To be honest, expertise in relay systems is fundamental for comprehension and creativity in circuits design. From bi-stable relays that maintain their states without continuous power to step relays facilitating incremental changes, and lockout relays guarding against unauthorized reenergization, each... Read more

The post The analysis of relay control systems: Electrical schematics with latch, step and lockout relays appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The accurate measurement of the voltage, current or other parameter of a power system is a prerequisite to any form of control, ranging from automatic closed-loop control to the recording of data for statistical purposes. Measurement of these parameters can... Read more

The post How to make the right selection of a digital transducer for power system measurements appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.